ROR 第三章 基本静态的页面(一)

新建项目：

cd ~/rails_projects
rails new sample_app --skip-test-unit
cd sample_app

添加gem:

group :development,:test do
  gem 'sqlite3'
  gem 'rspec-rails','2.13.1'
end

group :test do
  gem 'selenium-webdriver','2.0.0'
  gem 'capybara','2.1.0'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg','0.15.1'
end

安装包含gem

bundle install --without production
bundle update
bundle install

设置rails使用RSpec进行测试

rails generate rspec:install

git第一次初始化仓库

touch README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin https://github.com/salembe/sample_app.git
git push -u origin master

以后只需要：

git remote add origin https://github.com/salembe/sample_app.git
git push -u origin master

如果出现

error: The requested URL returned error: 403 while accessing https://github.com/salembe/sample_app.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack
fatal: HTTP request failed
不好意思，你被墙了。。。无解。。只能继续git push -u origin master 直到成功为止。

 

设置Rails，让其服务静态资源文件

config/environments/production.rb

config.serve_static_assets = true

推送到Heroku上,Heroku是一个免费的云空间，由于我之前没有用Heroku所以我先安装，然后登陆就可以了:

gem install heroku
heroku login

heroku keys:add   //给heroku添加ssh key

附上Heroku的网站https://id.heroku.com/login,关于heroku与rails的关系可以参考这篇文章http://jhjguxin.hwcrazy.com/2012/02/01/heroku-rails-develop/

把项目简历到heroku上,并推送到git：

heroku create
git push heroku master

3.1静态页面：

新建一个分支并切换：

git checkout -b static-pages

Rails提供了一个脚本generate来创建控制器,先生成home和help页面的控制器

--no-test-framework 禁用RSpec测试代码，晚一点会进行手动创建测试:

rails generate controller StaticPages home help --no-test-framework

然后接下来介绍了几种撤销的命令，方便以后出错的时候进行撤销操作，还是蛮重要的：

rails generate controller FooBars baz quux  //生成控制器
rails destroy controller FooBars baz quux   //撤销控制器

rails generate model Foo bar:string baz:integer  //生成模型
rails destroy model Foo   //撤销生成模型

rake db:migrate    //迁移数据库
rake db:rollback   //撤销迁移

rake db:migrate VERSION=0 //数据库回到原始状态 0换成其他数字，可以迁移到指定版本

提交一下内容到本地仓库,此时是在static-pages 分支下提交的：

git add .
git commit -m "Add a StaticPages controller"

3.2 第一个测试

测试的过程“遇红，变绿，重构”。

首先生成集成测试：

rails generate integration_test static_pages

上面的代码会在spec/requests中生成static_pages_spec.rb   。

修改static_pages_spec.rb 文件内容为：

require 'spec_helper'

describe "Static pages" do
  describe "Home page" do
    it "should have the content 'Sample App'" do
      visit '/static_pages/home'
      expect(page).to have_content('Sample App')
    end
  end
end

 

为了让测试正确运行，需要在spec/spec_helper.rb中加入一行

.
.
.
RSpec.config do |config|
  .
  .
  .
  config.include Capybara::DSL
end

因为static_pages_spec.rb 中RSpec和Capybara使用的就是DSL语言。

 

执行rspec命令进行测试，为了保证RSpec运行在Gemfile指定的环境中还要加上

bundle exec：

bundle exec rspec spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb

这个时候我电脑上出现了一个bug：

gems/selenium-webdriver-2.0.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/zipper.rb:1:in `require': cannot load such file -- zip/zip (LoadError)

修改Gemfile 'selenium-webdriver', '2.0.0'  to 'selenium-webdriver', '~> 2.35.1'

bundle update 修复一下

再执行一次

bundle exec rspec spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb

出现红色的Failure/Error 提示，表示测试成功，因为static_pages_spec.rb中测试需要home页面包含Sample App，而我们现在并没有包含，所以出错。

修改首页代码，让测试通过：

$vim app/views/static_pages/home.html.erb  修改内容

<h1>Sample App</h1>
<p>
  This is the home page for the
  <a href="http://railstutorial.org/">Ruby on Rails Tutorial</a>
  sample application.
</p>

再执行一次测试：

bundle exec rspec spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb

出现绿色字体，测试通过。

 

帮助页面的也是同样测试：

$vim spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe "Static pages" do
  describe "Home page" do
    it "should have the content 'Sample App'" do
      visit '/static_pages/home'
      expect(page).to have_content('Sample App')
    end
  end
  describe "Help page" do
    it "shou have the content 'Help'" do
      visit '/static_pages/help'
      expect(page).to have_content('Help')
    end
  end
end

$bundle exec rspec spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb

出现红色

 

修改Help页面代码，让测试通过：

$vim app/views/static_pages/help.html.erb 修改内容

<h1>Help</h1>
<p>
  Get help on the Ruby on Rails Tutorial at the
  <a href="http://railstutorial.org/help">Rails Tutorial help page</a>.
  To get help on this sample app, see the
  <a href="http://railstutorial.org/book">Rails Tutorial book</a>.
</p>

$bundle exec rspec spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb

出现绿色，测试通过。

 

3.2.2 添加页面

添加测试about页面内容的代码

vim spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe "Static pages" do
  describe "Home page" do
    it "should have the content 'Sample App'" do
      visit '/static_pages/home'
      expect(page).to have_content('Sample App')
    end
  end
  describe "Help page" do
    it "shou have the content 'Help'" do
      visit '/static_pages/help'
      expect(page).to have_content('Help')
    end
  end
  describe "About page" do
    it "should have the content 'About Us'" do
      visit '/static_pages/about'
      expect(page).to have_content('About Us')
    end
  end
end

为about页面添加路由：

$vim config/routes.rb

SampleApp::Application.routes.draw do
  get "static_pages/home"
  get "static_pages/help"
  get "static_pages/about"
  .
  .
  .
end

为about页面添加控制器：

$vim app/controllers/static_pages_controller.rb

class StaticPagesController < ApplicationController
  def home
  end

  def help
  end

  def about
  end
end

为about页面添加视图：

$ vim app/views/static_pages/about.html.erb

<h1>About Us</h1>
<p>
  The <a href="http://railstutorial.org/">Ruby on Rails Tutorial</a>
  is a project to make a book and screencasts to teach web development
  with <a href="http://rubyonrails.org/">Ruby on Rails</a>.This
  is the sample application for the tutorial.
</p>

$ bundle exec rspec spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb
出现绿色，表示手工添加about页面，并且测试成功。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/salembe/p/3445182.html