基于MATLAB的直流电动机启动的仿真研究.pdf
电子技术研发 Electronics R & D
10.3969/j.issn.1000-0755.2013.07.003
基于MATLAB 的直流电动机启动的仿真研究
汪明先 荣 军 吴祥营 陈 敏 刘 凌
(湖南理工学院信息与通信工程学院,湖南 岳阳)
摘 要:直流电动机因其优良的启动、调速和制动性能,在某些工业领域占有举足轻重的地位。文章研
究了直流电动机串电阻起动方法,在直流电动机电枢绕组中串入电阻来降低起动电流和起动转矩。相比于
电机直接起动,串电阻起动起动电流和起动转矩显著减低,而且成本又增加不多,在实际工农业生产中有
广泛的应用。
关键词:直流电动机;直接启动;串电阻启动;仿真;
The Simulation Study of the Starting of DC Motor Based on MATLAB
Wang Mingxian Rong Jun Wu Xiangying Chen Min Liu Ling
(Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan)
Abstract:DC motor has an important position in certain industrial fields for its excellent start, speed
regulation, and braking performance. This paper studies the starting method with series resistance for DC motor, and
the reduction of starting current and starting torque by series connection of a resistance into the armature winding of
DC motor. Compared with the direct starting of DC motor, the starting current and starting torque is significantly
reduced for the starting method of series resistance, and the cost increase is less, so it has wide application in the
actual industrial and agricultural production.
Key words: DC motor; direct start; start of series resistance; simulation
0 引言 因电枢绕组导线细、电枢电阻大以及转动惯量又比
较小,可以直接起动以外,一般的直流电动机是不
直流电动机具有调速范围广、调速平稳、过载
[1,2]
允
。
许采用直接起动的
能力强以及启动和制动转矩大等优点,在工农业生
产中得到了广泛的应用。对于小功率直流电动机在 1.1 直流电动机直接起动仿真模型的建立
工作时一般采用直接启动,省时又省力。但是对于 直流电动机直接启动在MATLAB/SIMULINK中
大功率的直流电动机,直接启动会出现大电流和大
的仿真模型如图1所示。在图1中电动机励磁绕组和
转矩的情况,严重时会烧毁电机和损坏负载,因此 电枢绕组的输