matlab绘图与可视化

 1、设置图形对象属性值

set(h,'属性名称','属性值')

>> subplot(1,2,1);
h1=line([0 1],[0 1]);
text(0,0.5,'unchange');
subplot(1,2,2);
h2=line([0 1],[0 1]);
set(h2,'linewidth',4);
text(0,0.5,'change');

2、基本二维绘图函数

1. plot

　　

x=0:0.25:2*pi;
y=sin(x);
plot(x,y,'-ro','linewidth',2,'markeredgecolor','b','markerfacecolor','0.49,1,0.65','markersize',14);
>> xlabel('x');
>> ylabel('y')

 

　　

　　2.  loglog：双对数坐标绘图

>> x=logspace(-1,2);
loglog(x,exp(x),'-s');
grid on
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')

　　

　　3.  semilogx,semilogy：半对数坐标绘图

>> x=-10:0.001:10;
semilogy(x,2.^x);

　　

　　4.  polar：极坐标绘图

>> t=0:0.01:10;
polar(t,sin(2*t).*cos(2*t),'--.g')

　　

　　5.  plotyy：双纵坐标绘图

>> x=0:0.1:20;
>> y1=200*exp(-0.05*x).*sin(x);
>> y2=0.8*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(10*x);
>> ax=plotyy(x,y1,x,y2,'plot');xlabel('x');
>> set(get(ax(1),'ylabel'),'string','left y');
>> set(get(ax(2),'ylabel'),'string','right y');

　　

3、二维图形修饰和添加注释（help+...）

1.  hold：图形保持
2. axis：设置坐标系的刻度及显示方式
3. box：显示或隐藏坐标框
4. grid：为当前坐标系添加或消除网格
5. title：添加标题
6. xlabel、ylabel：为当前坐标轴添加标签
7. text：在当前坐标系中添加文本对象
8. gtext：在当前坐标系中交互式添加文本对象
9. legend：在当前坐标系中添加 line 对象和 patch 对象的图形标注框
10. annotation：在当前图形窗口建立注释对象（annotation对象）
11. subplot：绘制子图，即在当前图形窗口以平铺的方式创建多个坐标系

 

>> t=linspace(0,2*pi,60);
>> x=cos(t);
>> y=sin(t);
>> plot(t,x,'b:','linewidth',3);
>> hold on;
>> plot(t,y,'r-.','linewidth',1);
>> plot(x,y,'g-','linewidth',2.5);
>> axis equal;
>> xlabel('X');
>> ylabel('Y');
>> legend('x=cos(t)','y=sin(t)','x^2+y^2=1','location','northeast');

 　　

 

>> p=[3 1;1 4];
r=5;
[v,d]=eig(p);%求特征值，化为标准方程
a=sqrt(r/d(1));%椭圆长半轴
b=sqrt(r/d(4));
t=linspace(0,2*pi,60);
xy=v*[a*cos(t);b*sin(t)];
plot(xy(1,:),xy(2,:),'k','linewidth',3);
h=annotation('textarrow',[0.606 0.65],[0.55 0.65]);
set(h,'String','3x^2+2xy+4y^2=5','FontSize',15);
h=title('tuo yuan qu xian','FontSize',18,'FontWeight','bold');%加粗
set(h,'Position',[-0.00345622 1.35769 1.00011]);
axis([-1.5 1.5 -1.2 1.7]);
xlabel('X');
ylabel('Y');

　　

 

>> a=[-19.6749 22.2118 5.0905];
x=0:0.01:1;
y=a(1)+a(2)/2*(x-0.17).^2+a(3)/4*(x-0.17).^4;
plot(x,y);
text('interpreter','latex','string',['$$ -19.6749+\frac{22.2118}{2}(x-0.17)^2'...])
'+\frac{5.0905}{4}(x-0.17)^4 $$'],'position',[0.05,-12],'fontsize',12);

　　

• \frac{22.2118}{2}：22.2118 / 2
• \alpha：α
• \beta：beta

　　help text properties

4、修饰图形 

>> x=linspace(0,2*pi,60);
>> y=sin(x);
>> h=plot(x,y);
>> grid on;
>> set(h,'color','k','LineWidth',2);
>> xticklabel={'0','pi/2','pi','3pi/2','2pi'};
>> set(gca,'xtick',[0:pi/2:2*pi],'XTickLabel',xticklabel,'TickDir','out');
>> xlabel('0\leq\theta\leq2\pi');
>> ylabel('sin(\theta)');
>> text(8*pi/9,sin(8*pi/9),'\leftarrow sin(8\pi\div 9)','HorizontalAlignment','left');
>> axis([0 2*pi -1 1]);

 　　

5、常用统计绘图函数

 

>> x=normrnd(0,1,1000,1);　　%产生1000个标准正态分布随机数
hist(x,20);%绘制直方图
xlabel('样本数据');
ylabel('频数');
figure;　　　　　　%新建一个图形窗口
cdfplot(x)

>> subplot(3,3,1);
>> f=@(x)200*sin(x)./x;%定义匿名函数
>> fplot(f,[-20,20]);
>> title('y=200*sin(x)/x');
>> 
>> subplot(3,3,2);
>> ezplot('x^2+y^2=1',[-1.1 1.1]);
>> axis equal;
>> 
>> subplot(3,3,3);
>> ezpolar('1+cos(t)');
>> 
>> subplot(3,3,4);
>> x=[10 10 25 35 20];
>> name={'a','b','c','d','e'};
>> explode=[0 0 0 0 1];
>> pie(x,explode,name);
>> 
>> subplot(3,3,6);
>> stem(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi,sin(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi));
>> 
>> subplot(3,3,5);
>> stairs(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi,sin(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi));
>>
>> subplot(3,3,7);
>> z=eig(randn(20,20));
>> compass(z);
>> 
>> subplot(3,3,8);
>> theta=(-90:10:90)*pi/180;
>> r=2*ones(size(theta));
>> [u,v]=pol2cart(theta,r);
>> feather(u,v);
>> 
>> subplot(3,3,9);
>> t=(1/16:1/8:1)'*2*pi;
>> fill(sin(t),cos(t),'r');
>> axis square;

5、三维图形绘制

 

利用 mesh 和 surf 之前，应先产生图形对象的网格数据 --> meshgrid

>> t=linspace(0,10*pi,300);
>> plot3(20*sin(t),20*cos(t),t,'b','linewidth',2);
>> hold on;
>> quiver3(0,0,0,1,0,0,25,'k','filled','linewidth',2);
>> quiver3(0,0,0,0,1,0,25,'k','filled','linewidth',2);
>> quiver3(0,0,0,0,0,1,40,'k','filled','linewidth',2);
>> grid on;
>> xlabel('x');ylabel('y');zlabel('z');
>> axis([-25 25 -25 25 0 40]);
>> view(-210,30);

>> [x,y]=meshgrid(1:4 , 2:5)

x =

     1     2     3     4
     1     2     3     4
     1     2     3     4
     1     2     3     4


y =

     2     2     2     2
     3     3     3     3
     4     4     4     4
     5     5     5     5

>> plot(x,y,'r',x',y','b',x,y,'k.','MarkerSize',18);
>> axis([0 5 1 6]);

eg:绘制三维曲面  z=xe^-(x2+y2)  的等高线图和梯度场

>> [x,y]=meshgrid(-2:.2:2);
z=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2);
[dx,dy]=gradient(z,0.2,0.2);
contour(x,y,z);
hold on;
quiver(x,y,dx,dy);
h=get(gca,'children');

>> ezsurf('u*sin(v)','u*cos(v)','4*v',[-2*pi,2*pi,-2*pi,2*pi]);

 

>> subplot(1,2,1);
>> [x,y]=meshgrid(0:0.25:4,-2:.25:2);
>> z=sin(x).*cos(y);
>> [nx,ny,nz]=surfnorm(x,y,z);%计算法线方向
>> surf(x,y,z);
>> hold on;
>> quiver3(x,y,z,nx,ny,nz,0.5);
>> axis(0 4 -2 2 -1 1);
>> axis([0 4 -2 2 -1 1]);

>> subplot(1,2,2);
>> t=linspace(-2,2,20);
>> [x,y,z]=meshgrid(t);
>> [x,y,z]=meshgrid(t,t,t);
>> v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);
>> xslice=2;
>> yslice=2;
>> xslice=[-1.2,.8,2];
>> zslice=[-2,0];
>> slice(x,y,z,v,xslice,yslice,zslice);

 6、三维图形的修饰

colormap：绘图色彩调整

shading：着色效果

alpha：透明度

light：光源

lighting：光照模式

material：对光反射效果

view：调整视点

>>  %立方体顶点坐标
>> vert=[0 0 0;0 200 0;200 200 0;200 0 0;0 0 100;...]
0 200 100;200 200 100;200 0 100];
>> fac=[1 2 3 4;2 6 7 3;4 3 7 8;1 5 8 4;1 2 6 5;5 6 7 8];
>> view(3);
h=patch('faces',fac,'vertices',vert,'facecolor','g');
set(h,'facealpha',0.25);
hold on;
[x0,y0,z0]=sphere;
>> x=30+30*x0;y=50+30*y0;z=50+30*z0;
>> h1=surf(x,y,z,'linestyle','none','facecolor','b','edgecolor','none');
>> lightangle(45,30);%建立光源并设置光源视角
>> lighting phong;
>> axis equal;

7、图形导出到文件

print

hgexport

saveas：saveas(h,'filename.ext')

　　　　saveas(h,'filename','format')   ------------  format:扩展名（字符串）

8、动画制作

（1）彗星运行轨迹动画

　　comet,　　comet3

>> t=linspace(0,10*pi,2000);
>> x=t.*cos(t);
>> y=t.*sin(t);
>> comet(x,y)

（2）霓虹闪烁动画

　　spinmap

>> sphere
>> axis equal
>> axis off
>> spinmap(10,1)

（3）电影动画

　　getframe 　　movie 

>> x=linspace(-2,2,100);
>> [x,y,z]=meshgrid(x,x,x);
>> v=(x.^2+9/4*y.^2+z.^2-1).^3-x.^2.*z.^3-9/80*y.^2.*z.^3;
>> p=patch(isosurface(x,y,z,v,0));
>> set(p,'facecolor','red','edgecolor','none');
>> view(3)
>> axis equal;
>> axis off
>> light('posi',[0 -2 3])
>> lighting phong
>> set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren')
>> xx=get(p,'XData');
>> yy=get(p,'yData');
zz=get(p,'ZData');
for j=1:20
bibi=sin(pi*j/20);
set(p,'XData',bibi*xx,'YData',bibi*yy,'ZData',bibi*zz)
f(j)=getframe;
end
>> movie(f,10)
%是个心跳

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ileanj1998/p/9060664.html