首先,简单介绍一下原理。主要是在手机客户端 (Android)通过实现Camera.PreviewCallback接口,在其onPreviewFrame重载函数里面获取摄像头当前图像数据, 然后通过Socket将图像数据和相关的用户名、命令等数据传输到服务器程序中。服务器端(PC端)采用C#编写,通过监听相应的端口,在获取数据后进行 相应的命令解析和图像数据还原,然后将图像数据传递至PictureBox控件中用于显示,这样就实现了手机摄像头的视频数据实时传输到服务器上。如果需 要将这些视频进行转发,通过服务器再将这些数据复制转发即可。效果如下:
对 于Android客户端上主要有几个地方需要注意,第一个就是Socket通信。Socket通信可以通过Socket类来实现,直接结合 PrintWriter来写入命令,如下定义的一个专门用于发送命令的线程类,当要连接到服务器和与服务器断开时,都需要发送命令通知服务器,此外在进行 其他文字传输时也可以采用该方法,具体代码如下:
[mw_shl_code=java,true] /**发送命令线程*/
class MySendCommondThread extends Thread{
private String commond;
public MySendCommondThread(String commond){
this.commond=commond;
}
public void run(){
//实例化Socket
try {
Socket socket=new Socket(serverUrl,serverPort);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
out.println(commond);
out.flush();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
[/mw_shl_code]
如果是采用Socket发送文件,则可以通过 OutputStream将ByteArrayInputStream数据流读入,而文件数据流则转换为ByteArrayOutputStream。如 果需要在前面添加文字,同样也需要转换为byte,然后写入OutputStream。同样也可以通过定义一个线程类发送文件,如下:
[mw_shl_code=java,true] /**发送文件线程*/
class MySendFileThread extends Thread{
private String username;
private String ipname;
private int port;
private byte byteBuffer[] = new byte[1024];
private OutputStream outsocket;
private ByteArrayOutputStream myoutputstream;
public MySendFileThread(ByteArrayOutputStream myoutputstream,String username,String ipname,int port){
this.myoutputstream = myoutputstream;
this.username=username;
this.ipname = ipname;
this.port=port;
try {
myoutputstream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
try{
//将图像数据通过Socket发送出去
Socket tempSocket = new Socket(ipname, port);
outsocket = tempSocket.getOutputStream();
//写入头部数据信息
String msg=java.net.URLEncoder.encode("PHONEVIDEO|"+username+"|","utf-8");
byte[] buffer= msg.getBytes();
outsocket.write(buffer);
ByteArrayInputStream inputstream = new ByteArrayInputStream(myoutputstream.toByteArray());
int amount;
while ((amount = inputstream.read(byteBuffer)) != -1) {
outsocket.write(byteBuffer, 0, amount);
}
myoutputstream.flush();
myoutputstream.close();
tempSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
[/mw_shl_code]
而获取摄像头当前图像的关键在于onPreviewFrame() 重载函数里面,该函数里面有两个参数,第一个参数为byte[],为摄像头当前图像数据,通过YuvImage可以将该数据转换为图片文件,同时还可用对 该图片进行压缩和裁剪,将图片进行压缩转换后转换为 ByteArrayOutputStream数据,即前面发送文件线程类中所需的文件数据,然后采用线程发送文件,如下代码:
[mw_shl_code=java,true] @Override
public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//如果没有指令传输视频,就先不传
if(!startSendVideo)
return;
if(tempPreRate<VideoPreRate){
tempPreRate++;
return;
}
tempPreRate=0;
try {
if(data!=null)
{
YuvImage image = new YuvImage(data,VideoFormatIndex, VideoWidth, VideoHeight,null);
if(image!=null)
{
ByteArrayOutputStream outstream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//在此设置图片的尺寸和质量
image.compressToJpeg(new Rect(0, 0, (int)(VideoWidthRatio*VideoWidth),
(int)(VideoHeightRatio*VideoHeight)), VideoQuality, outstream);
outstream.flush();
//启用线程将图像数据发送出去
Thread th = new MySendFileThread(outstream,pUsername,serverUrl,serverPort);
th.start();
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
[/mw_shl_code]
值得注意的是,在调试中YuvImage可能找不到,在模拟机上无法执行该过程,但是编译后在真机中可以通过。此外,以上传输文字字符都是采用UTF编码,在服务器端接收时进行解析时需要采用对应的编码进行解析,否则可能会出现错误解析。
Android客户端中关键的部分主要就这些,新建一个Android项目(项目名称为SocketCamera),在main布局中添加一个SurfaceView和两个按钮,如下图所示:
然后在SocketCameraActivity.java中添加代码,具体如下:
[mw_shl_code=java,true]package com.xzy;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.YuvImage;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.hardware.Camera.Size;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class SocketCameraActivity extends Activity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback,
Camera.PreviewCallback{
private SurfaceView mSurfaceview = null; // SurfaceView对象:(视图组件)视频显示
private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder = null; // SurfaceHolder对象:(抽象接口)SurfaceView支持类
private Camera mCamera = null; // Camera对象,相机预览
/**服务器地址*/
private String pUsername="XZY";
/**服务器地址*/
private String serverUrl="192.168.1.100";
/**服务器端口*/
private int serverPort=8888;
/**视频刷新间隔*/
private int VideoPreRate=1;
/**当前视频序号*/
private int tempPreRate=0;
/**视频质量*/
private int VideoQuality=85;
/**发送视频宽度比例*/
private float VideoWidthRatio=1;
/**发送视频高度比例*/
private float VideoHeightRatio=1;
/**发送视频宽度*/
private int VideoWidth=320;
/**发送视频高度*/
private int VideoHeight=240;
/**视频格式索引*/
private int VideoFormatIndex=0;
/**是否发送视频*/
private boolean startSendVideo=false;
/**是否连接主机*/
private boolean connectedServer=false;
private Button myBtn01, myBtn02;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//禁止屏幕休眠 getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON,
WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);
mSurfaceview = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);
myBtn01=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
myBtn02=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
//开始连接主机按钮
myBtn01.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View v) {
//Common.SetGPSConnected(LoginActivity.this, false);
if(connectedServer){//停止连接主机,同时断开传输
startSendVideo=false;
connectedServer=false;
myBtn02.setEnabled(false);
myBtn01.setText("开始连接");
myBtn02.setText("开始传输");
//断开连接
Thread th = new MySendCommondThread("PHONEDISCONNECT|"+pUsername+"|");
th.start();
}
else//连接主机
{
//启用线程发送命令PHONECONNECT
Thread th = new MySendCommondThread("PHONECONNECT|"+pUsername+"|");
th.start();
connectedServer=true;
myBtn02.setEnabled(true);
myBtn01.setText("停止连接");
}
}});
myBtn02.setEnabled(false);
myBtn02.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View v) {
if(startSendVideo)//停止传输视频
{
startSendVideo=false;
myBtn02.setText("开始传输");
}
else{ // 开始传输视频
startSendVideo=true;
myBtn02.setText("停止传输");
}
}});
}
@Override
public void onStart()//重新启动的时候
{
mSurfaceHolder = mSurfaceview.getHolder(); // 绑定SurfaceView,取得SurfaceHolder对象
mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(this); // SurfaceHolder加入回调接口
mSurfaceHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);// 设置显示器类型,setType必须设置
//读取配置文件
SharedPreferences preParas = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(SocketCameraActivity.this);
pUsername=preParas.getString("Username", "XZY");
serverUrl=preParas.getString("ServerUrl", "192.168.0.100");
String tempStr=preParas.getString("ServerPort", "8888");
serverPort=Integer.parseInt(tempStr);
tempStr=preParas.getString("VideoPreRate", "1");
VideoPreRate=Integer.parseInt(tempStr);
tempStr=preParas.getString("VideoQuality", "85");
VideoQuality=Integer.parseInt(tempStr);
tempStr=preParas.getString("VideoWidthRatio", "100");
VideoWidthRatio=Integer.parseInt(tempStr);
tempStr=preParas.getString("VideoHeightRatio", "100");
VideoHeightRatio=Integer.parseInt(tempStr);
VideoWidthRatio=VideoWidthRatio/100f;
VideoHeightRatio=VideoHeightRatio/100f;
super.onStart();
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
InitCamera();
}
/**初始化摄像头*/
private void InitCamera(){
try{
mCamera = Camera.open();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
try{
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.setPreviewCallback(null); // !!这个必须在前,不然退出出错
mCamera.stopPreview();
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (mCamera == null) {
return;
}
mCamera.stopPreview();
mCamera.setPreviewCallback(this);
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90); //设置横行录制
//获取摄像头参数
Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
Size size = parameters.getPreviewSize();
VideoWidth=size.width;
VideoHeight=size.height;
VideoFormatIndex=parameters.getPreviewFormat();
mCamera.startPreview();
}
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
mCamera.startPreview();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (null != mCamera) {
mCamera.setPreviewCallback(null); // !!这个必须在前,不然退出出错
mCamera.stopPreview();
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
}
@Override
public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//如果没有指令传输视频,就先不传
if(!startSendVideo)
return;
if(tempPreRate<VideoPreRate){
tempPreRate++;
return;
}
tempPreRate=0;
try {
if(data!=null)
{
YuvImage image = new YuvImage(data,VideoFormatIndex, VideoWidth, VideoHeight,null);
if(image!=null)
{
ByteArrayOutputStream outstream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//在此设置图片的尺寸和质量
image.compressToJpeg(new Rect(0, 0, (int)(VideoWidthRatio*VideoWidth),
(int)(VideoHeightRatio*VideoHeight)), VideoQuality, outstream);
outstream.flush();
//启用线程将图像数据发送出去
Thread th = new MySendFileThread(outstream,pUsername,serverUrl,serverPort);
th.start();
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**创建菜单*/
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
{
menu.add(0,0,0,"系统设置");
menu.add(0,1,1,"关于程序");
menu.add(0,2,2,"退出程序");
return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}
/**菜单选中时发生的相应事件*/
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
{
super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);//获取菜单
switch(item.getItemId())//菜单序号
{
case 0:
//系统设置
{
Intent intent=new Intent(this,SettingActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
break;
case 1://关于程序
{
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("关于本程序")
.setMessage("本程序由武汉大学水利水电学院肖泽云设计、编写。\nEmail:xwebsite@163.com")
.setPositiveButton
(
"我知道了",
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
}
}
)
.show();
}
break;
case 2://退出程序
{
//杀掉线程强制退出
android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
}
break;
}
return true;
}
/**发送命令线程*/
class MySendCommondThread extends Thread{
private String commond;
public MySendCommondThread(String commond){
this.commond=commond;
}
public void run(){
//实例化Socket
try {
Socket socket=new Socket(serverUrl,serverPort);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
out.println(commond);
out.flush();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
/**发送文件线程*/
class MySendFileThread extends Thread{
private String username;
private String ipname;
private int port;
private byte byteBuffer[] = new byte[1024];
private OutputStream outsocket;
private ByteArrayOutputStream myoutputstream;
public MySendFileThread(ByteArrayOutputStream myoutputstream,String username,String ipname,int port){
this.myoutputstream = myoutputstream;
this.username=username;
this.ipname = ipname;
this.port=port;
try {
myoutputstream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
try{
//将图像数据通过Socket发送出去
Socket tempSocket = new Socket(ipname, port);
outsocket = tempSocket.getOutputStream();
//写入头部数据信息
String msg=java.net.URLEncoder.encode("PHONEVIDEO|"+username+"|","utf-8");
byte[] buffer= msg.getBytes();
outsocket.write(buffer);
ByteArrayInputStream inputstream = new ByteArrayInputStream(myoutputstream.toByteArray());
int amount;
while ((amount = inputstream.read(byteBuffer)) != -1) {
outsocket.write(byteBuffer, 0, amount);
}
myoutputstream.flush();
myoutputstream.close();
tempSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
[/mw_shl_code]
此外还有一些参数,在res/xml新建一个setting.xml文件,添加服务器地址、端口、用户名等参数设置,如下:
[mw_shl_code=java,true]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PreferenceScreen
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<PreferenceCategory android:title="服务器设置">
<EditTextPreference
android:key="Username"
android:title="用户名"
android:summary="用于连接服务器的用户名"
android:defaultValue="XZY"/>
<EditTextPreference
android:key="ServerUrl"
android:title="视频服务器地址"
android:summary="保存服务器地址"
android:defaultValue="192.168.1.100"/>
<EditTextPreference
android:key="ServerPort"
android:title="服务器端口"
android:summary="连接服务器的端口地址"
android:defaultValue="8888"/>
</PreferenceCategory>
<PreferenceCategory android:title="视频设置">
<EditTextPreference
android:key="VideoPreRate"
android:title="视频刷新间隔"
android:summary="设置视频刷新的间隔值,应大于等于0,值越大视频传输间隔越长"
android:defaultValue="1"/>
<EditTextPreference
android:key="VideoQuality"
android:title="图像质量"
android:summary="设置图像压缩的质量,值为0~100,值越高越清晰,但同时数据也更大"
android:defaultValue="85"/>
<EditTextPreference
android:key="VideoWidthRatio"
android:title="图像宽度缩放比例"
android:summary="设置图像的宽度缩放比例,值为0~100,值越高图像分辨率越高"
android:defaultValue="100"/>
<EditTextPreference
android:key="VideoHeightRatio"
android:title="图像高度缩放比例"
android:summary="设置图像的高度缩放比例,值为0~100,值越高图像分辨率越高"
android:defaultValue="100"/>
</PreferenceCategory>
</PreferenceScreen>
[/mw_shl_code]
编译程序,在模拟机上效果如下:
接下来就是服务器端接收手机传输的视频数据,这与一般CS架构中服务器程序类似,主要是监听端口,然后解析数据。现新建一个C#应用程序项目(项目名称为“手机摄像头”),首先定义一些全局变量,主要包括服务器地址、端口以及相关监听对象等,如下:
// 服务器状态,如果为false表示服务器暂停,true表示服务器开启
public bool ServerStatus = false;
// 服务器地址
public string ServerAddress;
// 服务器端口
public int ServerPort;
// 开启服务的线程
private Thread processor;
// 用于TCP监听
private TcpListener tcpListener;
// 与客户端连接的套接字接口
private Socket clientSocket;
// 用于处理客户事件的线程
private Thread clientThread;
// 手机客户端所有客户端的套接字接口
private Hashtable PhoneClientSockets = new Hashtable();
// 手机用户类数组
public ArrayList PhoneUsersArray = new ArrayList();
// 手机用户名数组
public ArrayList PhoneUserNamesArray = new ArrayList();
// 图像数据流
private ArrayList StreamArray;
然后定义处理客户端传递数据的函数 ProcessClient(),主要对接收数据进行命令解析。如果是手机连接的命令("PHONECONNECT"),就在记录该套接字对象,同时在列 表中添加该对象;如果是断开连接的命令("PHONEDISCONNECT"),就移除该对象;如果是手机视频命令("PHONEVIDEO"),就分解 其包含的图像数据,如果存在该用户对应的视频窗口,就传递该图像数据到这个视频窗口中。具体代码如下:
[mw_shl_code=java,true] #region 处理客户端传递数据及处理事情
/// <summary>
/// 处理客户端传递数据及处理事情
/// </summary>
private void ProcessClient()
{
Socket client = clientSocket;
bool keepalive = true;
while (keepalive)
{
Thread.Sleep(50);
Byte[] buffer = null;
bool tag = false;
try
{
buffer = new Byte[1024];//client.Available
int count = client.Receive(buffer, SocketFlags.None);//接收客户端套接字数据
if (count > 0)//接收到数据
tag = true;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
keepalive = false;
if (client.Connected)
client.Disconnect(true);
client.Close();
}
if (!tag)
{
if (client.Connected)
client.Disconnect(true);
client.Close();
keepalive = false;
}
string clientCommand = "";
try
{
clientCommand = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);//转换接收的数据,数据来源于客户端发送的消息
if (clientCommand.Contains("%7C"))//从Android客户端传递部分数据
clientCommand = clientCommand.Replace("%7C", "|");//替换UTF中字符%7C为|
}
catch
{
}
//分析客户端传递的命令来判断各种操作
string[] messages = clientCommand.Split('|');
if (messages != null && messages.Length > 0)
{
string tempStr = messages[0];//第一个字符串为命令
if (tempStr == "PHONECONNECT")//手机连接服务器
{
try
{
string tempClientName = messages[1].Trim();
PhoneClientSockets.Remove(messages[1]);//删除之前与该用户的连接
PhoneClientSockets.Add(messages[1], client);//建立与该客户端的Socket连接
UserClass tempUser = new UserClass();
tempUser.UserName = tempClientName;
tempUser.LoginTime = DateTime.Now;
Socket tempSocket = (Socket)PhoneClientSockets[tempClientName];
tempUser.IPAddress = tempSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
int tempIndex = PhoneUserNamesArray.IndexOf(tempClientName);
if (tempIndex >= 0)
{
PhoneUserNamesArray[tempIndex] = tempClientName;
PhoneUsersArray[tempIndex] = tempUser;
MemoryStream stream2 = (MemoryStream)StreamArray[tempIndex];
if (stream2 != null)
{
stream2.Close();
stream2.Dispose();
}
}
else//新增加
{
PhoneUserNamesArray.Add(tempClientName);
PhoneUsersArray.Add(tempUser);
StreamArray.Add(null);
}
RefreshPhoneUsers();
}
catch (Exception except)
{
}
}
else if (tempStr == "PHONEDISCONNECT")//某个客户端退出了
{
try
{
string tempClientName = messages[1];
RemovePhoneUser(tempClientName);
int tempPhoneIndex = PhoneUserNamesArray.IndexOf(tempClientName);
if (tempPhoneIndex >= 0)
{
PhoneUserNamesArray.RemoveAt(tempPhoneIndex);
MemoryStream memStream = (MemoryStream)StreamArray[tempPhoneIndex];
if (memStream != null)
{
memStream.Close();
memStream.Dispose();
}
StreamArray.RemoveAt(tempPhoneIndex);
}
Socket tempSocket = (Socket)PhoneClientSockets[tempClientName];//第1个为客户端的ID,找到该套接字
if (tempSocket != null)
{
tempSocket.Close();
PhoneClientSockets.Remove(tempClientName);
}
keepalive = false;
}
catch (Exception except)
{
}
RefreshPhoneUsers();
}
else if (tempStr == "PHONEVIDEO")//接收手机数据流
{
try
{
string tempClientName = messages[1];
string tempForeStr = messages[0] + "%7C" + messages[1] + "%7C";
int startCount = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(tempForeStr);
try
{
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
if (stream.CanWrite)
{
stream.Write(buffer, startCount, buffer.Length - startCount);
int len = -1;
while ((len = client.Receive(buffer)) > 0)
{
stream.Write(buffer, 0, len);
}
}
stream.Flush();
int tempPhoneIndex = PhoneUserNamesArray.IndexOf(tempClientName);
if (tempPhoneIndex >= 0)
{
MemoryStream stream2 = (MemoryStream)StreamArray[tempPhoneIndex];
if (stream2 != null)
{
stream2.Close();
stream2.Dispose();
}
StreamArray[tempPhoneIndex] = stream;
PhoneVideoForm form = GetPhoneVideoForm(tempClientName);
if (form != null)
form.DataStream = stream;
}
}
catch
{
}
}
catch (Exception except)
{
}
}
}
else//客户端发送的命令或字符串为空,结束连接
{
try
{
client.Close();
keepalive = false;
}
catch
{
keepalive = false;
}
}
}
}