JNI 学习笔记

https://baike.baidu.com/item/JNI/9412164?fr=aladdin

https://www.jianshu.com/p/f6e3dd8edb13

96 
JellyJoe_943 
2016.09.27 18:58* 字数 2769 阅读 1673评论 1

JNI 学习笔记

1.概述

Java Native Interface(JNI) 是JDK提供的一个native编程接口。JNI 允许Java程序调用其他语言编写的程序或者代码库, 比如C/C++。Java 在内存管理和性能上有一定的局限,通过JNI我们就可以利用Native程序来克服这些限制。

2.一个简单的demo

通过一个简单的Demo我们来看一下Native 与 Java 的互相调用。

Java :HelloJNI.java

public class HelloJNI { static { System.loadLibrary("hello"); // Load native library at runtime // hello.dll (Windows) or libhello.so (Unixes) } // Declare a native method sayHello() that receives nothing and returns void private native void sayHello(); // Test Driver public static void main(String[] args) { new HelloJNI().sayHello(); // invoke the native method } } 

执行 javac HelloJNI.java 编译java 文件

C:

创建头文件:HelloJNI.h, 可以通过javah 工具自动生成:

执行:>javah HelloJNI 这里HelloJNI指的是编译后的.class文件

/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */
#include <jni.h> /* Header for class HelloJNI */ #ifndef _Included_HelloJNI #define _Included_HelloJNI #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* * Class: HelloJNI * Method: sayHello * Signature: ()V */ JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_HelloJNI_sayHello(JNIEnv *, jobject); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif 

C 程序实现:

#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "HelloJNI.h" // Implementation of native method sayHello() of HelloJNI class JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_HelloJNI_sayHello(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) { printf("Hello World!\n"); return; } 

简单解析:

Java 调用Native , 需要:

  • 通过System.loadLibrary("hello") 方法加载native 模块"Hello"(该模块包含了syHello()方法)。
  • 声明native 方法 : private native void sayHello();
  • 在main方法中调用

C/C++ 需要实现:

  • 定义头文件, 可以通过javah自动生成: javah HelloJNI , 我们可以看到对应java中定义的sayHello()方法, 在头文件中生成了JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_HelloJNI_sayHello(JNIEnv *, jobject);方法。其格式可以概括为JNIEXPORT <返回类型> JNICALL Java_<包名>_<类名>_<方法名>(JNIEnv *, jobject,<参数>); 包名中的(.)用下划线(_)代替。 参数中JNIEnv * 是JNI环境, 提供了许多方法, 后面我们会提到。 jobject是调用的java对象。
  • 在C/C++文件中实现具体方法

3.JNI 基础

3.1 JNI类型

JNI 定义了以下类型来对应Java中的类型:

a. 基本类型: jni -> java

  • jint --> int
  • jbyte --> byte
  • jshort --> short
  • jlong --> long
  • jfloat --> float
  • jdouble --> double
  • jchar --> char
  • jboolean --> boolean

b. 引用类型:

  • jclass --> java.lang.Class
  • jstring --> java.lang.String
  • jthrowable --> java.lang.Throwable
  • jarray --> Java数组

3.2参数传递

3.2.1. Java 基本类型传递

对于Java 的基本类型, 我们可以直接传递参数, 在原生系统中已经定义了jxxx中的基本类型, 比如 jint, jbyte, jshort, jlong, jfloat, jdouble, jchar, jboolean 对应 Java中的 int, byte, short, long, float, double, char, boolean

jni.h 和 win/jni_mh定义了以上8种JNI环境下的基本类型, 除此之外还额外定义了jsize

// In "win\jni_mh.h" - machine header which is machine dependent
typedef long            jint;
typedef __int64 jlong; typedef signed char jbyte; // In "jni.h" typedef unsigned char jboolean; typedef unsigned short jchar; typedef short jshort; typedef float jfloat; typedef double jdouble; typedef jint jsize; 

需要注意的是, jint 对应的是long类型(至少是32位的),在C语言的基本类型中, int 可能是只有16位, 这样就无法对应Java中的int类型了。 所以为保险起见, JNI编程中建议在C/C++程序中使用jint代替int.

3.2.2. String 类型传递

JNI 中定义了 jstring 类型代替Java中的String 类型,String 类型的传递相比基本类型要复杂, 因为在Java中String 是个对象, 而在c中, string 是个 char类型数组。所以在传递String类型的时候, 在String(被jstring替换) 类型和 (char*)类型之间做转化。

JNI环境提供了一些转换方法, 可以通过JNIEnv* 参数调用这些转化方法:

  • 从jstring 中获取c-string, 即char* : const char* GetStringUTFChars(JNIEnv*, jstring, jboolean*)
  • 从C-string(char*) 中获取jstring : jstring NewStringUTF(JNIEnv*, char*)

JNI Native String Functions

JNI 支持unicode(16位)编码和utf-8(1-3个字节)编码的string 类型转换, utf-8 编码的string 和 C-string(char*)的行为类似, 在 C/C++程序中使用。

UTF-8 strings的转换方法

// UTF-8 String (encoded to 1-3 byte, backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII)
// Can be mapped to null-terminated char-array C-string
const char * GetStringUTFChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, jboolean *isCopy); // Returns a pointer to an array of bytes representing the string in modified UTF-8 encoding. void ReleaseStringUTFChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, const char *utf); // Informs the VM that the native code no longer needs access to utf. jstring NewStringUTF(JNIEnv *env, const char *bytes); // Constructs a new java.lang.String object from an array of characters in modified UTF-8 encoding. jsize GetStringUTFLength(JNIEnv *env, jstring string); // Returns the length in bytes of the modified UTF-8 representation of a string. void GetStringUTFRegion(JNIEnv *env, jstring str, jsize start, jsize length, char *buf); // Translates len number of Unicode characters beginning at offset start into modified UTF-8 encoding // and place the result in the given buffer buf. 
  • GetStringUTFChars() 方法可以用于通过 jstring 创建一个 C-string (char*), 如果内存无法分配, 则返回NULL。

其中第三个参数isCopy 如果设为JNI_TRUE , 则返回结果是原始Java String 的拷贝, 如果设为JNI_FALSE, 则直接返回 Java String 的地址, 然而在这种情况下, 无法对string内容进行修改。JNI在运行时会试图返回指针, 如果可以的话,否则会返回一个拷贝。 通常情况下, 我们并不关心底层string 的内容呢, 所以通常都设为 NULL。

当你不需要使用该方法返回的结果时, 可以调用 ReleaseStringUTFChars() 来释放内存以及引用。

  • NewStringUTF() 方法则是通过c-string 创建一个 JNI String (jstring)

想要了解更多可以查看: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jni/index.html.

Unicode String

  
// Unicode Strings (16-bit character)
const jchar * GetStringChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, jboolean *isCopy); // Returns a pointer to the array of Unicode characters void ReleaseStringChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, const jchar *chars); // Informs the VM that the native code no longer needs access to chars. jstring NewString(JNIEnv *env, const jchar *unicodeChars, jsize length); // Constructs a new java.lang.String object from an array of Unicode characters. jsize GetStringLength(JNIEnv *env, jstring string); // Returns the length (the count of Unicode characters) of a Java string. void GetStringRegion(JNIEnv *env, jstring str, jsize start, jsize length, jchar *buf); // Copies len number of Unicode characters beginning at offset start to the given buffer buf 

对与Unicode 编码的类型, 使用jchar* 代替 char* 存储字符。

3.2.3 基本类型的数组传递

在Java中, 数组是一个引用类型, 像一个类。 Java 数组有9种, 除了8种基本类型的数组外, 还有一类对象数组, 即java.lang.Object类型的数组。 在JNI 中定义了 8种基本类型的数组对应Java 的8种基本类型数组,jintArray, jbyteArray, jshortArray, jlongArray, jfloatArray, jdoubleArray, jcharArray, jbooleanArray , 和一种对象数组jobjectArray对应Java中的对象数组。

因此, 你需要在数组传递是处理JNI 数组和Native数组之间的转换, 比如 jintArray <-> jint[], jdoubleArray <-> jdouble[] 等。 JNI 环境已经提供了一些转换方法, 以jintArray为例:

    1. jintArray(JNI) --> (Native)jint[] : jint* GetIntArrayElements(JNIEnv *env, jintArray a, jboolean *iscopy)
    1. jint[] --> jintArray : 调用 jintArray NewIntArray(JNIEnv *env, jsize len) 分配内存, 然后调用 SetIntArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, jintArray a, jsize start, jsize len, const jint *buf) 将jin[] 拷贝到 jintArray

JNI 中有8组上述方法, 分别对应8中基本类型:

// ArrayType: jintArray, jbyteArray, jshortArray, jlongArray, jfloatArray, jdoubleArray, jcharArray, jbooleanArray
// PrimitiveType: int, byte, short, long, float, double, char, boolean
// NativeType: jint, jbyte, jshort, jlong, jfloat, jdouble, jchar, jboolean
NativeType * Get<PrimitiveType>ArrayElements(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, jboolean *isCopy); void Release<PrimitiveType>ArrayElements(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, NativeType *elems, jint mode); void Get<PrimitiveType>ArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, jsize start, jsize length, NativeType *buffer); void Set<PrimitiveType>ArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, jsize start, jsize length, const NativeType *buffer); ArrayType New<PrimitiveType>Array(JNIEnv *env, jsize length); void * GetPrimitiveArrayCritical(JNIEnv *env, jarray array, jboolean *isCopy); void ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical(JNIEnv *env, jarray array, void *carray, jint mode); 
  • GET|Release<PrimitiveType>ArrayElements() 用于根据jxxxArray创建 jxxx[]
  • GET|Set<PrimitiveType>ArrayRegion() 可以用于拷贝一个jxxxArray(或者其中一部分)到一个 预分配(pre-allocated)存储的 jxxx[]
  • New<PrimitiveType>Array() 用于为jxxxArray分配内存, 然后调用 Set<PrimitiveType>ArrayRegion() 方法 将jxxx[] 设值。
  • Get|ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical() 则是在get 和 release周期之间, 不允许阻塞调用(blocking calls)。

Example:

java:

public class TestJNIPrimitiveArray { static { System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes) } // Declare a native method sumAndAverage() that receives an int[] and // return a double[2] array with [0] as sum and [1] as average private native double[] sumAndAverage(int[] numbers); // Test Driver public static void main(String args[]) { int[] numbers = {22, 33, 33}; double[] results = new TestJNIPrimitiveArray().sumAndAverage(numbers); System.out.println("In Java, the sum is " + results[0]); System.out.println("In Java, the average is " + results[1]); } } 

c:


#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "TestJNIPrimitiveArray.h" JNIEXPORT jdoubleArray JNICALL Java_TestJNIPrimitiveArray_sumAndAverage (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jintArray inJNIArray) { // Step 1: Convert the incoming JNI jintarray to C's jint[] jint *inCArray = (*env)->GetIntArrayElements(env, inJNIArray, NULL); if (NULL == inCArray) return NULL; jsize length = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, inJNIArray); // Step 2: Perform its intended operations jint sum = 0; int i; for (i = 0; i < length; i++) { sum += inCArray[i]; } jdouble average = (jdouble)sum / length; (*env)->ReleaseIntArrayElements(env, inJNIArray, inCArray, 0); // release resources jdouble outCArray[] = {sum, average}; // Step 3: Convert the C's Native jdouble[] to JNI jdoublearray, and return jdoubleArray outJNIArray = (*env)->NewDoubleArray(env, 2); // allocate if (NULL == outJNIArray) return NULL; (*env)->SetDoubleArrayRegion(env, outJNIArray, 0 , 2, outCArray); // copy return outJNIArray; } 

Native程序的处理可以概括为3个步骤:

  • Step1: 将传入的jxxxArray 转换成 Native 的jxxx[]
  • Step2: 对jxxx[]进行必要处理, 实现期望的功能
  • Step3:将Native结果 转换成 jxxxArray返回

4. 访问Java对象中的成员和回调方法

4.1 访问对象中的成员变量

JNI 环境提供了一些访问成员变量的方法如下:

jclass GetObjectClass(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj);
// Returns the class of an object. jfieldID GetFieldID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig); // Returns the field ID for an instance variable of a class. NativeType Get<type>Field(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID); void Set<type>Field(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, NativeType value); // Get/Set the value of an instance variable of an object // <type> includes each of the eight primitive types plus Object. 

通过以上方法,我们就可以实现在Native代码中访问Java对象的成员变量了, 具体实现可以概括为以下几个步骤:

  • Step1: 通过GetObjectClass() 方法获取该对象的类的引用;
  • Step2: 通过GetFieldID() 方法从类引用中(Step1得到该引用)获取FieldID; 调用该方法需要传入成员变量的名称和对应field的描述(descriptor)(或者签名(signature))。描述的内容具体如下:
    • 对于一个Java类而言, Field 的描述格式为"L<fully-qualified-name>;", 以(/) 代替包名中的(.)。比如String 类型的descrtptor为"Ljava/lang/String;"。(分号不能漏!!!)
    • 对于基本类型, "I" --> int, "B" --> byte, "S" --> short, "J" --> long, "F" --> float, "D" --> double, "C" --> char, "Z" --> boolean.
    • 对于数组而言, 对象数组以"["作为前缀, 比如"[Ljava/lang/Object;"为一个Object数组的描述,[I 为int的描述。
  • 基于FieldID, 我们可以通过GetObjectField() 或者Get<primitive-type>Field() 方法访问实例的成员变量。
  • 更新实例中成员变量的值, 可以通过SetObjectField() 或者 Set<primitive-type>Field() 来修改内容, 这里需要传入参数FieldID.

Example:

java:

public class TestJNIInstanceVariable { static { System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes) } // Instance variables private int number = 88; private String message = "Hello from Java"; // Declare a native method that modifies the instance variables private native void modifyInstanceVariable(); // Test Driver public static void main(String args[]) { TestJNIInstanceVariable test = new TestJNIInstanceVariable(); test.modifyInstanceVariable(); System.out.println("In Java, int is " + test.number); System.out.println("In Java, String is " + test.message); } } 

C:

#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "TestJNIInstanceVariable.h" JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_TestJNIInstanceVariable_modifyInstanceVariable (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) { // Get a reference to this object's class jclass thisClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thisObj); // int // Get the Field ID of the instance variables "number" jfieldID fidNumber = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, thisClass, "number", "I"); if (NULL == fidNumber) return; // Get the int given the Field ID jint number = (*env)->GetIntField(env, thisObj, fidNumber); printf("In C, the int is %d\n", number); // Change the variable number = 99; (*env)->SetIntField(env, thisObj, fidNumber, number); // Get the Field ID of the instance variables "message" jfieldID fidMessage = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, thisClass, "message", "Ljava/lang/String;"); if (NULL == fidMessage) return; // String // Get the object given the Field ID jstring message = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thisObj, fidMessage); // Create a C-string with the JNI String const char *cStr = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, message, NULL); if (NULL == cStr) return; printf("In C, the string is %s\n", cStr); (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, message, cStr); // Create a new C-string and assign to the JNI string message = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from C"); if (NULL == message) return; // modify the instance variables (*env)->SetObjectField(env, thisObj, fidMessage, message); } 

4.2 访问类的静态变量

访问静态变量与访问成员变量类似, 只是调用的方法不同, 比如 GetStaticFieldID(), Get|SetStaticObjectField(), Get|SetStatic<Primitive-type>Field() :

jfieldID GetStaticFieldID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig); // Returns the field ID for a static variable of a class. NativeType GetStatic<type>Field(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID); void SetStatic<type>Field(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, NativeType value); // Get/Set the value of a static variable of a class. // <type> includes each of the eight primitive types plus Object. 

Example:

Java:

public class TestJNIStaticVariable { static { System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // nyjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes) } // Static variables private static double number = 55.66; // Declare a native method that modifies the static variable private native void modifyStaticVariable(); // Test Driver public static void main(String args[]) { TestJNIStaticVariable test = new TestJNIStaticVariable(); test.modifyStaticVariable(); System.out.println("In Java, the double is " + number); } } 

C:

#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "TestJNIStaticVariable.h" JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_TestJNIStaticVariable_modifyStaticVariable (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) { // Get a reference to this object's class jclass cls = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thisObj); // Read the int static variable and modify its value jfieldID fidNumber = (*env)->GetStaticFieldID(env, cls, "number", "D"); if (NULL == fidNumber) return; jdouble number = (*env)->GetStaticDoubleField(env, cls, fidNumber); printf("In C, the double is %f\n", number); number = 77.88; (*env)->SetStaticDoubleField(env, cls, fidNumber, number); } 

4.3 Native回调Java成员方法和静态方法

Native 回调 Java实例成员方法

  • Step1: 通过GetObjectClass() 获取类的引用
  • Step2: 从引用中获取 MethodID, 通过调用GetMethodID(). 这里需要传入方法名和签名。 签名的格式为"(parameters)return-type".,即(参数类型...)返回类型。 你可以使用javap工具列出一个类中方法的签名,-s 打印签名, -p 现实私有方法:
> javap --help
> javap -s -p TestJNICallBackMethod
  .......
  private void callback(); Signature: ()V private void callback(java.lang.String); Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)V private double callbackAverage(int, int); Signature: (II)D private static java.lang.String callbackStatic(); Signature: ()Ljava/lang/String; ....... 
  • Step3: 基于Method ID , 就可以通过调用 Call<Primitive-type>Method() or CallVoidMethod() or CallObjectMethod()方法回调Java实例中的成员方法。

回调静态的方法步骤与毁掉成员方法类似, 只是方法不同。 JNI 中提供的方法如下:

jmethodID GetMethodID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig); // Returns the method ID for an instance method of a class or interface. NativeType Call<type>Method(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, ...); NativeType Call<type>MethodA(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args); NativeType Call<type>MethodV(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args); // Invoke an instance method of the object. // The <type> includes each of the eight primitive and Object. jmethodID GetStaticMethodID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig); // Returns the method ID for an instance method of a class or interface. NativeType CallStatic<type>Method(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, ...); NativeType CallStatic<type>MethodA(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args); NativeType CallStatic<type>MethodV(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, va_list args); // Invoke an instance method of the object. // The <type> includes each of the eight primitive and Object. 

Example:

Java:

public class TestJNICallBackMethod { static { System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes) } // Declare a native method that calls back the Java methods below private native void nativeMethod(); // To be called back by the native code private void callback() { System.out.println("In Java"); } private void callback(String message) { System.out.println("In Java with " + message); } private double callbackAverage(int n1, int n2) { return ((double)n1 + n2) / 2.0; } // Static method to be called back private static String callbackStatic() { return "From static Java method"; } // Test Driver public static void main(String args[]) { new TestJNICallBackMethod().nativeMethod(); } } 

C:

#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "TestJNICallBackMethod.h" JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_TestJNICallBackMethod_nativeMethod (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) { // Get a class reference for this object jclass thisClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thisObj); // Get the Method ID for method "callback", which takes no arg and return void jmethodID midCallBack = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, thisClass, "callback", "()V"); if (NULL == midCallBack) return; printf("In C, call back Java's callback()\n"); // Call back the method (which returns void), baed on the Method ID (*env)->CallVoidMethod(env, thisObj, midCallBack); jmethodID midCallBackStr = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, thisClass, "callback", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"); if (NULL == midCallBackStr) return; printf("In C, call back Java's called(String)\n"); jstring message = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from C"); (*env)->CallVoidMethod(env, thisObj, midCallBackStr, message); jmethodID midCallBackAverage = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, thisClass, "callbackAverage", "(II)D"); if (NULL == midCallBackAverage) return; jdouble average = (*env)->CallDoubleMethod(env, thisObj, midCallBackAverage, 2, 3); printf("In C, the average is %f\n", average); jmethodID midCallBackStatic = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, thisClass, "callbackStatic", "()Ljava/lang/String;"); if (NULL == midCallBackStatic) return; jstring resultJNIStr = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod(env, thisClass, midCallBackStatic); const char *resultCStr = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, resultJNIStr, NULL); if (NULL == resultCStr) return; printf("In C, the returned string is %s\n", resultCStr); (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, resultJNIStr, resultCStr); } 

4.4 回调重写父类的成员方法

JNI 提供的方法如下:

NativeType CallNonvirtual<type>Method(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, ...);
NativeType CallNonvirtual<type>MethodA(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args);
NativeType CallNonvirtual<type>MethodV(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, va_list args);

具体回调实现与普通成员方法一样, 只是调用JNI提供的不同方法。

5 创建对象和对象数组

通过NewObject 方法和newObjectArray()方法, 我们可以在Native中创建jobject和 jobjectArray, 并将其返回给Java程序。

5.1 在Native程序中回调Java程序的构造函数来创建一个Java对象

回调构造方法和回调成员方法类似。首先获取构造函数的Method ID. 方法名为"<init>", 返回类型为"V". 然后就可以通过调用NewObject() 方法调用构造函数来构建一个java对象。

JNI 提供的创建对象(jobject)的方法如下:

jclass FindClass(JNIEnv *env, const char *name); jobject NewObject(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, ...); jobject NewObjectA(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args); jobject NewObjectV(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, va_list args); // Constructs a new Java object. The method ID indicates which constructor method to invoke jobject AllocObject(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls); // Allocates a new Java object without invoking any of the constructors for the object. 

Example:

Java:

public class TestJNIConstructor { static { System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes) } // Native method that calls back the constructor and return the constructed object. // Return an Integer object with the given int. private native Integer getIntegerObject(int number); public static void main(String args[]) { TestJNIConstructor obj = new TestJNIConstructor(); System.out.println("In Java, the number is :" + obj.getIntegerObject(9999)); } } 

C:

#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "TestJNIConstructor.h" JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_TestJNIConstructor_getIntegerObject (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) { // Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer jclass cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer"); // Get the Method ID of the constructor which takes an int jmethodID midInit = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "<init>", "(I)V"); if (NULL == midInit) return NULL; // Call back constructor to allocate a new instance, with an int argument jobject newObj = (*env)->NewObject(env, cls, midInit, number); // Try runnning the toString() on this newly create object jmethodID midToString = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;"); if (NULL == midToString) return NULL; jstring resultStr = (*env)->CallObjectMethod(env, newObj, midToString); const char *resultCStr = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, resultStr, NULL); printf("In C: the number is %s\n", resultCStr); return newObj; } 

5.2 对象数组

与基本类型的数组不同, 对象数组不能批量处理, 需要通过Get|SetObjectArrayElement() 方法一一处理。

JNI 提供创建和操作对象数组的方法如下:

jobjectArray NewObjectArray(JNIEnv *env, jsize length, jclass elementClass, jobject initialElement);
   // Constructs a new array holding objects in class elementClass. // All elements are initially set to initialElement. jobject GetObjectArrayElement(JNIEnv *env, jobjectArray array, jsize index); // Returns an element of an Object array. void SetObjectArrayElement(JNIEnv *env, jobjectArray array, jsize index, jobject value); // Sets an element of an Object array. 

Example

Java:

import java.util.ArrayList;
 
public class TestJNIObjectArray { static { System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes) } // Native method that receives an Integer[] and // returns a Double[2] with [0] as sum and [1] as average private native Double[] sumAndAverage(Integer[] numbers); public static void main(String args[]) { Integer[] numbers = {11, 22, 32}; // auto-box Double[] results = new TestJNIObjectArray().sumAndAverage(numbers); System.out.println("In Java, the sum is " + results[0]); // auto-unbox System.out.println("In Java, the average is " + results[1]); } } 

C:

#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "TestJNIObjectArray.h" JNIEXPORT jobjectArray JNICALL Java_TestJNIObjectArray_sumAndAverage (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jobjectArray inJNIArray) { // Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer jclass classInteger = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer"); // Use Integer.intValue() to retrieve the int jmethodID midIntValue = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, classInteger, "intValue", "()I"); if (NULL == midIntValue) return NULL; // Get the value of each Integer object in the array jsize length = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, inJNIArray); jint sum = 0; int i; for (i = 0; i < length; i++) { jobject objInteger = (*env)->GetObjectArrayElement(env, inJNIArray, i); if (NULL == objInteger) return NULL; jint value = (*env)->CallIntMethod(env, objInteger, midIntValue); sum += value; } double average = (double)sum / length; printf("In C, the sum is %d\n", sum); printf("In C, the average is %f\n", average); // Get a class reference for java.lang.Double jclass classDouble = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Double"); // Allocate a jobjectArray of 2 java.lang.Double jobjectArray outJNIArray = (*env)->NewObjectArray(env, 2, classDouble, NULL); // Construct 2 Double objects by calling the constructor jmethodID midDoubleInit = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, classDouble, "<init>", "(D)V"); if (NULL == midDoubleInit) return NULL; jobject objSum = (*env)->NewObject(env, classDouble, midDoubleInit, (double)sum); jobject objAve = (*env)->NewObject(env, classDouble, midDoubleInit, average); // Set to the jobjectArray (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, outJNIArray, 0, objSum); (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, outJNIArray, 1, objAve); return outJNIArray; } 

本地引用和全局引用

JNI 将对象引用(针对jobject)根据Native中的使用情况分为两类: 本地引用(local)和全局引用(global):

    1. 本地引用在Native方法中创建, 方法结束时释放, 仅在方法内有效。当然也可以直接调用DeleteLocalRef() 方法使本地引用失效, 这样就可以马上GC了。 所有Java 程序传递到Native方法的引用都是本地引用。 所有JNI 方法返回的jobject也是本地引用。
    1. 一个全局引用在程序员将它释放之前会一直存在。JNI 提供的释放方法为DeleteGlobalRef()。同时, JNI 也提供了通过本地引用创建全局引用的方法NewGlobalRef()

Example

Java:

public class TestJNIReference { static { System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes) } // A native method that returns a java.lang.Integer with the given int. private native Integer getIntegerObject(int number); // Another native method that also returns a java.lang.Integer with the given int. private native Integer anotherGetIntegerObject(int number); public static void main(String args[]) { TestJNIReference test = new TestJNIReference(); System.out.println(test.getIntegerObject(1)); System.out.println(test.getIntegerObject(2)); System.out.println(test.anotherGetIntegerObject(11)); System.out.println(test.anotherGetIntegerObject(12)); System.out.println(test.getIntegerObject(3)); System.out.println(test.anotherGetIntegerObject(13)); } } 

C:

#include <jni.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include "TestJNIReference.h" // Global Reference to the Java class "java.lang.Integer" static jclass classInteger; static jmethodID midIntegerInit; jobject getInteger(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) { // Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer if missing if (NULL == classInteger) { printf("Find java.lang.Integer\n"); classInteger = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer"); } if (NULL == classInteger) return NULL; // Get the Method ID of the Integer's constructor if missing if (NULL == midIntegerInit) { printf("Get Method ID for java.lang.Integer's constructor\n"); midIntegerInit = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, classInteger, "<init>", "(I)V"); } if (NULL == midIntegerInit) return NULL; // Call back constructor to allocate a new instance, with an int argument jobject newObj = (*env)->NewObject(env, classInteger, midIntegerInit, number); printf("In C, constructed java.lang.Integer with number %d\n", number); return newObj; } JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_TestJNIReference_getIntegerObject (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) { return getInteger(env, thisObj, number); } JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_TestJNIReference_anotherGetIntegerObject (JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) { return getInteger(env, thisObj, number); } 

在以上程序中, 我们通过FindClass()方法获取java.lang.Integer类的引用, 并将它存储到全局的静态变量中。然而, 在下一次调用是, 这个引用将不可用(而且不为NULL), 因为FindClass() 返回的是一个局部变量, 当方法结束是就会失效。

为了解决这个问题, 我们需要通过FindClass()返回的引用创建一个全局引用:

   // Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer if missing
   if (NULL == classInteger) {
      printf("Find java.lang.Integer\n"); // FindClass returns a local reference jclass classIntegerLocal = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer"); // Create a global reference from the local reference classInteger = (*env)->NewGlobalRef(env, classIntegerLocal); // No longer need the local reference, free it! (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, classIntegerLocal); } 

参考资料

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/kelelipeng/p/10368963.html

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