1. 什么是Spring Cloud?
Spring提供了一系列工具,可以帮助开发人员迅速搭建分布式系统中的公共组件(比如:配置管理,服务发现,断路器,智能路由,微代理,控制总线,一次性令牌,全局锁,主节点选举, 分布式session, 集群状态)。协调分布式环境中各个系统,为各类服务提供模板性配置。使用Spring Cloud, 开发人员可以搭建实现了这些样板的应用,并且在任何分布式环境下都能工作得非常好,小到笔记本电脑, 大到数据中心和云平台。
Spring Cloud官网的定义比较抽象,我们可以从简单的东西开始。Spring Cloud是基于Spring Boot的, 最适合用于管理Spring Boot创建的各个微服务应用。要管理分布式环境下的各个Spring Boot微服务,必然存在服务的注册问题。所以我们先从服务的注册谈起。既然是注册,必然有个管理注册中心的服务器,各个在Spring Cloud管理下的Spring Boot应用就是需要注册的client
Spring Cloud使用erureka server, 然后所有需要访问配置文件的应用都作为一个erureka client注册上去。eureka是一个高可用的组件,它没有后端缓存,每一个实例注册之后需要向注册中心发送心跳,在默认情况下erureka server也是一个eureka client ,必须要指定一个 server。
2. 创建Eureka Server
1).创建一个Maven工程helloworld.eureka.server, pom.xml内容如下:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 5 <groupId>com.chry</groupId> 6 <artifactId>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.server</artifactId> 7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 8 <packaging>jar</packaging> 9 <name>springcloud.helloworld.Eureka.server</name> 10 <description>Demo Spring Eureka Server</description> 11 12 <parent> 13 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 14 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 15 <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version> 16 <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 17 </parent> 18 19 <properties> 20 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 21 <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> 22 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 23 </properties> 24 25 <dependencies> 26 <!--eureka server --> 27 <dependency> 28 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 29 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> 30 </dependency> 31 <dependency> 32 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 33 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> 34 </dependency> 35 <dependency> 36 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 37 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> 38 </dependency> 39 <!-- spring boot test--> 40 <dependency> 41 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 42 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> 43 <scope>test</scope> 44 </dependency> 45 </dependencies> 46 47 <dependencyManagement> 48 <dependencies> 49 <dependency> 50 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 51 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> 52 <version>Dalston.RC1</version> 53 <type>pom</type> 54 <scope>import</scope> 55 </dependency> 56 </dependencies> 57 </dependencyManagement> 58 59 <build> 60 <plugins> 61 <plugin> 62 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 63 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 64 </plugin> 65 </plugins> 66 </build> 67 68 <repositories> 69 <repository> 70 <id>spring-milestones</id> 71 <name>Spring Milestones</name> 72 <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> 73 <snapshots> 74 <enabled>false</enabled> 75 </snapshots> 76 </repository> 77 </repositories> 78 79 </project>
2). 用Spring Boot创建一个服务类EurekaServerApplication,需要一个注解@EnableEurekaServer加在springboot工程的启动类上
1 package springcloud.helloworld.eureka.server; 2 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 5 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; 6 7 @EnableEurekaServer 8 @SpringBootApplication 9 public class EurekaServerApplication { 10 11 public static void main(String[] args) { 12 SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args); 13 } 14 }
3).eureka server的配置文件application.yml,其中registerWithEureka:false和fetchRegistry:false表明自己是一个eureka server
1 server: 2 port: 8761 3 4 eureka: 5 instance: 6 hostname: localhost 7 client: 8 registerWithEureka: false 9 fetchRegistry: false 10 serviceUrl: 11 defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
4) eureka server的工程结构如下
5)启动eureka server,然后访问http://localhost:8761, 界面如下, "No instances available" 表示无client注册
3. 创建Eureka Client
1). 创建一个Maven工程helloworld.eureka.client, pom.xml内容如下:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 3 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 4 <groupId>com.chry</groupId> 5 <artifactId>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client</artifactId> 6 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 7 <name>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client</name> 8 <packaging>jar</packaging> 9 <description>Demo Spring Boot Client</description> 10 11 <parent> 12 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 13 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 14 <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version> 15 <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 16 </parent> 17 18 <properties> 19 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 20 <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> 21 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 22 </properties> 23 24 <dependencies> 25 <dependency> 26 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 27 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> 28 </dependency> 29 <dependency> 30 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 31 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 32 </dependency> 33 34 <dependency> 35 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 36 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> 37 <scope>test</scope> 38 </dependency> 39 </dependencies> 40 41 <dependencyManagement> 42 <dependencies> 43 <dependency> 44 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 45 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> 46 <version>Dalston.RC1</version> 47 <type>pom</type> 48 <scope>import</scope> 49 </dependency> 50 </dependencies> 51 </dependencyManagement> 52 53 <build> 54 <plugins> 55 <plugin> 56 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 57 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 58 </plugin> 59 </plugins> 60 </build> 61 62 <repositories> 63 <repository> 64 <id>spring-milestones</id> 65 <name>Spring Milestones</name> 66 <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> 67 <snapshots> 68 <enabled>false</enabled> 69 </snapshots> 70 </repository> 71 </repositories> 72 73 74 </project>
2). 创建主类EurekaClientApplication
使用@EnableEurekaClient注解表明是client
1 package springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client; 2 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; 4 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 5 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 6 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; 7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; 9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 10 11 @SpringBootApplication 12 @EnableEurekaClient 13 @RestController 14 15 public class EurekaClientApplication { 16 17 public static void main(String[] args) { 18 SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args); 19 } 20 21 @Value("${server.port}") 22 String port; 23 @RequestMapping("/") 24 public String home() { 25 return "hello world from port " + port;26 } 27 28 }
3) eureka client的配置文件appication.yml
1 eureka: 2 client: 3 serviceUrl: 4 defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ 5 server: 6 port: 8762 7 spring: 8 application: 9 name: service-helloworld
4). Client启动后, 可以访问http://localhost:8762
5). 再次访问服务器端口, 可以看到Service Helloworld已经自动注册到之前的server中