“Lambda 表达式”是一个匿名函数,是C# 3.0引入的新特性。
Lambda 运算符 =>,该运算符读为“goes to”。
下面的代码简单的演示了Lambda表达式的出现:
1
private
delegate
void
PrintDelegate(
string
s);
2
3 // c#1.0 new delegate instance
4 PrintDelegate test1 = new PrintDelegate(Print);
5
6 // c#2.0 anonymous method
7 PrintDelegate test2 = delegate ( string s) { Console.WriteLine( " anonymous method: " + s); };
8
9 // c#3.0 lambda
10 PrintDelegate test3 = s => { Console.WriteLine( " lambda: " + s); };
11
12 test1( " Hello, World! " );
13 test2( " Hello, World! " );
14 test3( " Hello, World! " );
15
2
3 // c#1.0 new delegate instance
4 PrintDelegate test1 = new PrintDelegate(Print);
5
6 // c#2.0 anonymous method
7 PrintDelegate test2 = delegate ( string s) { Console.WriteLine( " anonymous method: " + s); };
8
9 // c#3.0 lambda
10 PrintDelegate test3 = s => { Console.WriteLine( " lambda: " + s); };
11
12 test1( " Hello, World! " );
13 test2( " Hello, World! " );
14 test3( " Hello, World! " );
15
同样一个lambda表达式,也有简略的写法和完全的写法,下面的4个lambda表达式,实际上是同样的功能:
1
private
delegate
int
Times(
int
i);
2
3 Times test4 = x => x * x;
4 Times test5 = (x) => x * x;
5 Times test6 = ( int x) => x * x;
6 Times test7 = ( int x) => { return x * x; };
7
8 Console.WriteLine(test4( 10 ));
9 Console.WriteLine(test5( 10 ));
10 Console.WriteLine(test6( 10 ));
11 Console.WriteLine(test7( 10 ));
2
3 Times test4 = x => x * x;
4 Times test5 = (x) => x * x;
5 Times test6 = ( int x) => x * x;
6 Times test7 = ( int x) => { return x * x; };
7
8 Console.WriteLine(test4( 10 ));
9 Console.WriteLine(test5( 10 ));
10 Console.WriteLine(test6( 10 ));
11 Console.WriteLine(test7( 10 ));
第一种写法是最简单的方式。
第二种写法是有一个输入参数,但是类型由编译器推断。
第三种写法是有明确类型的输入参数。
第四种写法是将lambda表达式转化成lambda语句的形式(带一对大括号)。
下面是带两个参数的实例:
1
private
delegate
int
ThreeTimes(
int
x,
int
y);
2
3 ThreeTimes test8 = (x, y) => x * y;
4 ThreeTimes test9 = ( int x, int y) => x * y;
5 ThreeTimes test10 = ( int x, int y) => { return x * y; };
6
7 Console.WriteLine(test8( 3 , 4 ));
8 Console.WriteLine(test9( 3 , 4 ));
9 Console.WriteLine(test10( 3 , 4 ));
2
3 ThreeTimes test8 = (x, y) => x * y;
4 ThreeTimes test9 = ( int x, int y) => x * y;
5 ThreeTimes test10 = ( int x, int y) => { return x * y; };
6
7 Console.WriteLine(test8( 3 , 4 ));
8 Console.WriteLine(test9( 3 , 4 ));
9 Console.WriteLine(test10( 3 , 4 ));
两个或者多个参数不能使用简略的方式书写,必须使用小括号声明参数。例子很简单,大家一看就明白。。
下面是一个不带参数的lambda表达式:
1
private
delegate
void
Void();
2
3 Void test11 = () => { Console.WriteLine( " Void Params " ); };
4 test11();
2
3 Void test11 = () => { Console.WriteLine( " Void Params " ); };
4 test11();
引入Lambda表达式,关键还是因为c# 3.0引入的Linq新特性。基于方法的查询。下面是一个最简单的示例代码:(记得引用Linq命名空间,因为需要LINQ的扩展方法)
int [] testNumber = new [] { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 };
// 返回偶数的个数
int test14 = testNumber.Count < int > (x => x % 2 == 0 );
示例代码下载:下载