python手记（10）------控制语句（赋值、If、for）

1.赋值语句

　　1.多变量赋值

In[62]: a,b,c,d=1,2,3,4
In[63]: print(a,b,c,d)
1 2 3 4

　　2.交换

In[64]: a
Out[63]: 
1
In[65]: b
Out[64]: 
2
In[66]: a,b=b,a
In[67]: a
Out[66]: 
2
In[68]: b
Out[67]: 
1

 

 

2.条件语句————if、elif、else：冒号，缩进（4个空格为默认）

　　

number = 23
guess = int(input('Enter an integer : '))     # convert strings to a integer

if guess == number:
    print('Congratulations, you guessed it.') # New block starts here
    print('(but you do not win any prizes!)') # New block ends here
elif guess < number:
    print('No, it is a little higher than that') # Another block
    # You can do whatever you want in a block ...
else:
    print('No, it is a little lower than that')
    # you must have guess > number to reach here
print('Done')
# This last statement is always executed, after the if statement is executed

 

3.循环语句————for循环

　　for 循环变量 in （可迭代对象）：字符串、序列、元组、字典、列表等有迭代性质的对象。

　　通常用range对象来进行循环迭代。

　　

 

In[74]: word='abcdefgh'    #用字符串对象循环
In[75]: for i in word:
...     print('The No.{0} letter is {1}'.format(word.index(i),i))
...     
The No.0 letter is a
The No.1 letter is b
The No.2 letter is c The No.3 letter is d The No.4 letter is e The No.5 letter is f The No.6 letter is g The No.7 letter is h

In[76]: wordlist=['a','b','c','d','e','f']
In[77]: wordtuple=('a','b','c','d','e','f')
In[78]: wordset={'a','b','c','d','e','f'}
In[79]: worddic={1:'a',2:'b',3:'c',4:'d',5:'e',6:'f'}
In[80]: for i in wordlist:    #列表循环对象
...     print('The No.{0} letter is {1}'.format(wordlist.index(i), i))
...     
The No.0 letter is a
The No.1 letter is b
The No.2 letter is c
The No.3 letter is d
The No.4 letter is e
The No.5 letter is f
In[81]: for i in wordtuple:    #元组循环duix
...     print('The No.{0} letter is {1}'.format(wordtuple.index(i), i))
The No.0 letter is a
The No.1 letter is b
The No.2 letter is c
The No.3 letter is d
The No.4 letter is e
The No.5 letter is f
In[82]: for i in wordset:    #集合循环对象
...     print(i)
...     
e
b
d
a
c
f
In[85]: for i in worddic.keys():   #字典循环对象
...     print('The No.{0} letter is {1}'.format(i,worddic[i]))
...     
The No.1 letter is a
The No.2 letter is b
The No.3 letter is c
The No.4 letter is d
The No.5 letter is e
The No.6 letter is f

 

 

4.range(start,end,step)对象：产生一组进行迭代的数列对象。

　　

In[12]: a=range(10)
In[13]: a
Out[13]: 
range(0, 10)
In[14]: type(a)
Out[14]: 
range          #该对象类型为range，为可迭代对象

 

　　显示用列表或元组；通常用for进行循环遍历：

 

In[19]: for i in range(11):
...     print(i,'----->',end='')
...     
0 ----->1 ----->2 ----->3 ----->4 ----->5 ----->6 ----->7 ----->8 ----->9 ----->10 ----->

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/song-raven/p/7206091.html