C语言讲义——指针函数和函数指针

指针函数

返回值是指针的函数，如void* malloc(...)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
int *newAdd(int a, int b); // 声明指针函数

main() {
    int *p1 = NULL;
    p1 = newAdd(1, 2);
    printf("p1 = 0x%x \n", p1);
    printf("*p1 = %d \n", *p1);
    getchar();
}

int *newAdd(int a, int b) {
    int *p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
    memset(p, 0, sizeof(int));
    printf("   函数内:p = 0x%x \n", p);

    *p = a + b;
    printf("   函数内:*p = %d \n", *p);

    return p;
}

函数中创建“数组”

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
int *createArray(int n) {
    int *p = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
    memset(p, 0, n * sizeof(int));
    int *q = p;
    for(int  i = 0 ; i<n; i++) {
        *(q++) = i*i;
    }
    return p;
}
main() {
    int *p = NULL;
    p = createArray(10);
    int *q = p;
    while(p-q<10) {
        printf("%d ", *p);
        p++;
    }
    //TODO:释放内存
}

 

函数指针

指向函数的指针

#include<stdio.h>
int addition(int x,int y) {
    return (x+y);
}
int subtraction(int x,int y) {
    return (x-y);
}
int multiplication(int x,int y) {
    return (x*y);
}
int division(int x,int y) {
    return (x/y);
}
int main() {
    int a, b, symbol, ret;
    scanf("%d",&a);
    getchar();// Enter会被当做输入字符,丢弃
    symbol = getchar();
    scanf("%d",&b);
    switch(symbol) {
        case '+':
            ret = addition(a, b);
            break;
        case '-':
            ret =subtraction(a,b);
            break;
        default:
            ret = -999;
            break;
    }
    printf("%d%c%d=%d", a,symbol,b,ret);
    return 0;
}

每个函数有一个地址，即该函数第一条指令的地址，
可以用一个指针来保存这个地址，而这个指针就是函数指针。
可以用该指针来调用这个函数。

#include<stdio.h>
int addition(int x,int y) {
    return (x+y);
}
int subtraction(int x,int y) {
    return (x-y);
}
int multiplication(int x,int y) {
    return (x*y);
}
int division(int x,int y) {
    return (x/y);
}
int main() {
    int (*p)(int, int);
    int a, b, symbol, ret;
    scanf("%d",&a);
    getchar();// Enter会被当做输入字符,丢弃
    symbol = getchar();
    scanf("%d",&b);
    switch(symbol) {
        case '+':
            p = addition;
            break;
        case '-':
            p =subtraction;
            break;
        default:
            ret = -999;
            break;
    }
    ret = (*p)(a,b);
    printf("%d%c%d=%d", a,symbol,b,ret);
    return 0;
}

函数指针数组

一组指向函数的指针
例：直接计算100*5

#include<stdio.h>
int addition(int x,int y) {
    return (x+y);
}
int subtraction(int x,int y) {
    return (x-y);
}
int multiplication(int x,int y) {
    return (x*y);
}
int division(int x,int y) {
    return (x/y);
}
int main() {

    int a, b, symbol, ret;
    a = 100;
    b = 5;

    //int (*p)(int, int);
    int (*p[])(int, int) = {addition,subtraction,multiplication,division};

    ret = (*p[2])(a,b);
    printf("%d * %d=%d \n", a,b,ret);

    ret = p[2](a,b);
    printf("%d * %d=%d \n", a,b,ret);
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

100 * 5=500
100 * 5=500

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/tigerlion/p/11191636.html