Python3基础教程-第2章笔记-上

1、序列概览

 

 

序列：列表，元组  →  每个元素都有编号

序列可包含其他序列，例如

>>> edward = ['edward gumby',42]
       
>>> john = ['john smith',50]
       
>>> database = [edward,john]
       
>>> database
       
[['edward gumby', 42], ['john smith', 50]]

 

 2、通用序列操作：索引、分片、加、乘、成员资格

（1）索引：元素编号，通过索引访问单个元素。

*索引0指向第一个元素

*负数索引：最后一个元素的位置编号是-1非0

 

>>> greeting = 'hello'
       
>>> greeting[0]
       
'h'
>>> 'hello'[0]
       
'h'

 

函数调用返回一个序列：可直接对返回结果进行索引操作

例如，只对输入年份的第四个数字感兴趣

>>> fourth = input('year:')[3]
year:1994
>>> fourth
'4'
>>> 

 

 

索引示例：输入年月日，打印相对应日期的月份名称

#根据给定的年月日以数字形式打印日期
months = [
        'January',
        'February',
        'March',
        'April',
        'May',
        'June',
        'July',
        'August',
        'September',
        'October',
        'November',
        'December'
]

#以1—31的数字作为结尾的列表
endings = ['st','nd','rd',] + 17 * ['th']\
        + ['st','nd','rd',] + 17 * ['th']\
        + ['st']

year = input ('Year:')
month = input ('Month(1-12):')
day = input ('Day(1-31):')

month_number = int(month)
day_number = int(day)

#记得要将月份和天数减1，以获得正确的索引
month_name = months[month_number-1]
ordinal = day + endings[day_number-1]

print (month_name + ' '+ordinal + ','+year)

打印结果

Year:1994
Month(1-12):7
Day(1-31):4
July 4th,1994

 

分片：访问一定范围内的元素，通过冒号相隔的两个索引实现

*第一个索引是提取部分的第一个元素编号，第二个索引是分片之后剩下部分的第一个元素的编号（第1个索引的元素在分片内，第2个不在）

>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[3:6]
[4, 5, 6]
>>> numbers[0:1]
[1]
>>>

1）优雅的捷径：

如果分片部分包括序列结尾的元素，那么只需置空最后一个索引

>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[3:]
[4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> 

序列开始的元素同样适用

>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[:3]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> 

若要复制整个序列，则两个索引都置空

>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[:]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> 

2）更大的步长：捷径依然可用，步长不能为0，但是可为负数

例如，提取每4个元素 的第1个

>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[::4]
[1, 5, 9]
>>> 

步长为负数表示从右到左提取元素

例如，

>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[8:3:-1]
[9, 8, 7, 6, 5]
>>> 

（2）序列相加：使用加号进行序列的连接操作

*列表和字符串是无法连接在一起的，两种相同类型的序列才能进行连接操作

例如，

>>> [1,2,3]+[4,5,6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> 'hello,' + 'world!'
'hello,world!'
>>> [1,2,3] + 'world!'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#48>", line 1, in <module>
    [1,2,3] + 'world!'
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list
>>> 

（3）乘法：乘法是重复序列

例如，

>>> 'python' * 5
'pythonpythonpythonpythonpython'
>>> [7]*10
[7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7]
>>> 

 

（4）成员资格：in运算符（布尔运算符），条件为真返回True，条件为假返回False

例如，

>>> permissions = 'rw'
>>> 'w' in permissions
True
>>> 'x' in permissions
False

>>> users = ['mlh','foo','bar']
>>> input ('Enter your user name:') in users
Enter your user name:mlh
True

>>> subject = '$$$ Get rich now!$$$'
>>> '$$$' in subject
True
>>>

 

序列成员资格示例

#检查用户名和PIN码
database = [
    ['albert','1234'],
    ['dilbert','4242'],
    ['smith','7524'],
    ['jones','9843']
]
username = input ('Username:')
pin = input ('PIN code:')

if [username,pin] in database: print ('Access granted')

打印结果

=============== RESTART: D:/Python37/python_test/membership.py ===============
Username:albert
PIN code:1234
Access granted
>>> 
=============== RESTART: D:/Python37/python_test/membership.py ===============
Username:chenhuimin
PIN code:0704
>>> 

（5）长度、最小值和最大值：len，min，max

>>> numbers = [100,34,678]
>>> len(numbers)
3
>>> max(numbers)
678
>>> min(numbers)
34
>>> max(2,3)
3
>>> min(9,3,2,5)
2
>>> 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Hermione74/p/9637111.html