1,logging包
python的一个包,专门用来写日志的。
官方一共划分了6个等级的log类型,分别对应重要性等级50,40,30,20,10,0:
级别排序:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG >NOTSET
2,logging打印日志到控制台(和print效果差不多)
废话不说,直接看代码:
#!coding=utf-8 import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, datefmt='%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',format='%(asctime)s : %(name)s : %(levelname)s : %(message)s') logger = logging.getLogger("daqing") #把设置读取到实例中才能用哦 logging.debug('this is the debug message') logging.info('this is the info message') logging.warning('this is the warning message') logging.error('this is the error message') logging.critical('this is the critical message')
#返回的结果: 2019/05/30 13:21:46 : root : DEBUG : this is the debug message 2019/05/30 13:21:46 : root : INFO : this is the info message 2019/05/30 13:21:46 : root : WARNING : this is the warning message 2019/05/30 13:21:46 : root : ERROR : this is the error message 2019/05/30 13:21:46 : root : CRITICAL : this is the critical message
比较重要的是bascConfig函数,它必须在一开始就进行定义,它的几个参数如下
# level用于指定最低等级的logging输出,高于或者等于这个等级自动输出,
# format是指定了字符串格式:包括 asctime、name、levelname、message四个内容(还有别的),分别代表运行时间、模块名称、日志级别、日志内容。
#datefomt是用于格式化时间
#filename指定日志文件的名字,这个例子没有带
#filemode "w"表示清空并且写入,“a"表示追加,一般和上一个参数一块用
#style 用于指定format的占位符,必须在format前定义,只能是%,{或者$
3,打印日志到文档
#!coding=utf-8 import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, filename='output.log', datefmt='%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S', format='%(asctime)s : %(name)s : %(module)s : %(process)d : %(message)s') logger = logging.getLogger("daqing") logging.debug('this is the debug message') logging.info('this is the info message') logging.warning('this is the warning message') logging.error('this is the error message') logging.critical('this is the critical message')
#定义的format是这样的:%(asctime)s : %(name)s : %(module)s : %(process)d : %(message)s #返回到output.log中的内容: 2019/05/30 13:23:18 : root : logtest : 4928 : this is the debug message 2019/05/30 13:23:18 : root : logtest : 4928 : this is the info message 2019/05/30 13:23:18 : root : logtest : 4928 : this is the warning message 2019/05/30 13:23:18 : root : logtest : 4928 : this is the error message 2019/05/30 13:23:18 : root : logtest : 4928 : this is the critical message
比较重要的是:format内容(常用):
#%(levelname)s:打印日志级别的名称
#%(pathname)s:打印当前执行程序的路径
#%(funcName)s:打印日志的当前函数
#%(lineno)d:打印日志的当前行号
#%(process)d:打印进程ID
#%(message)s:打印日志信息
#%(module)s:打印模块名称
#%(name)s: 用户名称
4,同时把日志打印到控制台和日志文件中
#!ccoding=utf-8 import logging # 第一步,创建一个logger logger = logging.getLogger("daqing") logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # Log等级总开关 # 第二步,创建一个handler,用于写入日志文件,用的是 logging.FileHandler函数,注意它的参数信息 logfile = './logger.txt' fh = logging.FileHandler(logfile,encoding="utf-8", mode='w') #mode="a"则是追加 fh.setLevel(logging.INFO) # 输出到file的log等级的开关 # 第三步,再创建一个handler,用于输出到控制台 ch = logging.StreamHandler() ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # 输出到console的log等级的开关 # 第四步,定义handler的输出格式,控制台和输出到文件的handler可以共用 formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s") fh.setFormatter(formatter) ch.setFormatter(formatter) # 第五步,将logger添加到handler里面,这一步是最重要的,本质上就是为logger添加多个handler logger.addHandler(fh) logger.addHandler(ch) # 日志 logger.debug('this is a logger debug message') logger.info('this is a logger info message') logger.warning('this is a logger warning message') logger.error('this is a logger error message') logger.critical('this is
#控制台返回的结果是这样的: 2019-05-30 13:31:46,235 - logtest.py[line:70] - DEBUG: this is a logger debug message 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:71] - INFO: this is a logger info message 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:72] - WARNING: this is a logger warning message 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:73] - ERROR: this is a logger error message 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:74] - CRITICAL: this is a logger critical message #logger.txt返回的是这样的: 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:71] - INFO: this is a logger info message 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:72] - WARNING: this is a logger warning message 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:73] - ERROR: this is a logger error message 2019-05-30 13:31:46,236 - logtest.py[line:74] - CRITICAL: this is a logger critical message #两者虽然共用一个format设置,但是level不同。于是。。。
5,捕获解释器返回的异常信息
#!coding=utf-8 import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, datefmt='%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',format='%(asctime)s : %(name)s : %(levelname)s : %(message)s') logger = logging.getLogger("daqing") #把设置读取到实例中才能用哦 logger.info("start") try: a=10/0 except Exception: logger.error("hehe",exc_info=True) #此处打印完“hehe”日志以后,会把try中报错的信息也打印出来 logger.info("finish")
#返回: 2019/05/30 13:42:32 : daqing : INFO : start 2019/05/30 13:42:32 : daqing : ERROR : hehe Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:/python_test/logtest/logtest.py", line 88, in <module> a=10/0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero 2019/05/30 13:42:32 : daqing : INFO : finish
6,logger是可以继承的
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, datefmt='%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',format='%(asctime)s : %(name)s : %(levelname)s : %(message)s') logger = logging.getLogger("daqing") #把设置读取到实例中才能用哦 logger.debug('this is a logger debug message') logger.info('this is a logger info message') logger.warning('this is a logger warning message') logger.error('this is a logger error message') logger.critical('this is a logger critical message') child_logger=logging.getLogger("daqing.hehe") #此处的child_logger继承了名字叫daqing的logger的属性 child_logger.setLevel(level=logging.WARNING) #继承以后修改了部分属性,把level等级改掉了 child_logger.debug('this is a logger debug message') child_logger.info('this is a logger info message') child_logger.warning('this is a logger warning message') child_logger.error('this is a logger error message') child_logger.critical('this is a logger critical message')
#返回的logger 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing : DEBUG : this is a logger debug message 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing : INFO : this is a logger info message 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing : WARNING : this is a logger warning message 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing : ERROR : this is a logger error message 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing : CRITICAL : this is a logger critical message #返回的child_logger 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing.hehe : WARNING : this is a logger warning message 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing.hehe : ERROR : this is a logger error message 2019/05/30 13:50:17 : daqing.hehe : CRITICAL : this is a logger critical message