import re # 匹配- match从头匹配 (第一个参数就是正则表达式, 数据) 如果开始不能匹配就匹配失败 # 正则表达式都是以r字符开始的 -- 墙裂建议 # 返回值就是匹配结果的对象 如果需要获取对象中的结果就需要.group() res = re.match(r'ello','ello meizi hello') # 如果成功匹配 则返回对象 如果没有匹配结果则返回值为空 if res: print(res.group()) else: print("没有匹配结果") # 搜索 查找 --- 如果开始不能匹配 则继续往后搜索 尝试看能否匹配 res = re.search(r'hello','ello meizi hello') # 如果成功匹配 则返回对象 如果没有匹配结果则返回值为空 if res: print(res.group()) else: print("没有匹配结果") """match函数和search函数的功能 区别和联系"""
In [1]: import re In [2]: re.match(r"hello","hello").group() # ----------1. .匹配一个任意字符(除去\n)----------------------------------------- In [3]: re.match(r".ello","hello").group() In [4]: re.match(r".ello","Hello").group() In [5]: re.match(r".ello","1ello").group() In [6]: re.match(r".ello","&ello").group() In [7]: re.match(r".ello","\nello").group() # 出错 In [14]: re.match(r".ello",".ello").group() In [15]: re.match(r"\.ello",".ello").group() ------------2. []匹配集合中任意一个字符---------------------------------------- In [8]: re.match(r"[Hh]ello","Hello").group() In [9]: re.match(r"[Hh]ello","hello").group() In [10]: re.match(r"[Hh]ello","1ello").group() # 出错 In [11]: re.match(r"[0123456789]ello","1ello").group() In [12]: re.match(r"[0123456789]ello","9ello").group() In [13]: re.match(r"[0123456789]ello","Hello").group() # 出错 In [16]: re.match(r"[0123456789]ello","Hello").group() # 出错 In [17]: re.match(r"[0123456789]ello","1ello").group() ------------3. [-]匹配范围内部的任意一个字符----------------- In [18]: re.match(r"[0-9]ello","1ello").group() In [19]: re.match(r"[0-35-9]ello","1ello").group() In [20]: re.match(r"[0-35-9]ello","9ello").group() In [21]: re.match(r"[0-35-9]ello","4ello").group() # 出错 In [22]: re.match(r"[0-9a-zA-Z]ello","4ello").group() In [23]: re.match(r"[0-9a-zA-Z]ello","aello").group() In [24]: re.match(r"[0-9a-zA-Z]ello","Hello").group() In [25]: re.match(r"[0-35-9]ello","9ello").group() In [26]: re.match(r"[0-35-9]ello","4ello").group() # 出错 ------------4. [^] 禁止匹配 范围内部的任意一个字符----------------- In [27]: re.match(r"[^4]ello","4ello").group() In [28]: re.match(r"[^4]ello","0ello").group() In [29]: re.match(r"[^4]ello","9ello").group() ------------5. '\d'匹配一个任意数字字符 '\D'匹配任意个非数字字符 ----------------- In [30]: re.match(r"\dello","9ello").group() In [31]: re.match(r"\dello","0ello").group() In [32]: re.match(r"\dello","@ello").group() In [33]: re.match(r"\Dello","0ello").group() In [34]: re.match(r"\Dello","@ello").group() In [35]: re.match(r"\Dello","?ello").group() ------------6. '\s'匹配一个任意空白字符 '\S'匹配一个任意 非空白字符串------------------------------- In [36]: re.match(r"\Dello"," ello").group() In [37]: re.match(r"[\t\r\n\v\f ]ello"," ello").group() In [38]: re.match(r"\sello"," ello").group() In [39]: re.match(r"\Sello"," ello").group() In [40]: re.match(r"\Sello","1ello").group() -----------7. '\w'匹配一个任意单词字符 '\W'匹配一个任务 非单词字符----------------------------- In [41]: re.match(r"\wello","1ello").group() In [42]: re.match(r"\wello","hello").group() In [43]: re.match(r"\wello","Hello").group() In [44]: re.match(r"\wello","_ello").group() In [45]: re.match(r"\Wello","_ello").group() In [46]: re.match(r"\Wello","?ello").group() ------------'\w'语义拓展 In [2]: re.match(r"\wBC","ABC") In [3]: re.match(r"\wBC","ABC").group() In [4]: re.match(r"\wBC","呵BC").group() In [5]: re.match(r"\wBC","呵BC",re.ASCII).group() In [6]: re.match(r"\wBC","呵BC",re.UNICODE).group() In [7]: re.match(r"\wBC","呵BC").group() -----------二 量词 匹配多个字符--------------------------- In [47]: re.match(r"嫦娥号\d升空了","嫦娥1号升空了").group() In [48]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d号升空了","嫦娥1号升空了").group() In [49]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d号升空了","嫦娥9号升空了").group() In [50]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d号升空了","嫦娥10号升空了").group() In [51]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d\d号升空了","嫦娥10号升空了").group() In [52]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d\d号升空了","嫦娥99号升空了").group() In [53]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d\d号升空了","嫦娥100号升空了").group() In [54]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d\d\d号升空了","嫦娥100号升空了").group() In [55]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d\d\d\d\d号升空了","嫦娥10000号升空了").group() In [56]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{5}号升空了","嫦娥10000号升空了").group() In [57]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{3}号升空了","嫦娥10000号升空了").group() In [58]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{3}号升空了","嫦娥100号升空了").group() In [59]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{1,3}号升空了","嫦娥100号升空了").group() In [60]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{1,3}号升空了","嫦娥1号升空了").group() In [61]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{1,3}号升空了","嫦娥10号升空了").group() In [62]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{1,1}号升空了","嫦娥10号升空了").group() In [64]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{0,3}号升空了","嫦娥号升空了").group() In [65]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{0,}号升空了","嫦娥号升空了").group() In [66]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d*号升空了","嫦娥号升空了").group() In [67]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{1,}号升空了","嫦娥1号升空了").group() In [68]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{1,}号升空了","嫦娥号升空了").group() In [69]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d{1,}号升空了","嫦娥1000号升空了").group() In [70]: re.match(r"嫦娥\d+号升空了","嫦娥1000号升空了").group() In [8]: re.match(r"\w?BC","ABC").group() In [9]: re.match(r"\w?BC","BC").group() ---------------三 匹配开始^ 和结束位置$-------------------------- In [71]: re.match(r"\w{4,20}@163.com","hello@163.com").group() In [72]: re.match(r"\w{4,20}@163.com","hello@163Acom").group() In [73]: re.match(r"\w{4,20}@163\.com","hello@163Acom").group() In [74]: re.match(r"\w{4,20}@163\.com","hello@163.com").group() In [75]: re.match(r"\w{4,20}@163\.com","hello@163.com.cn").group() In [76]: re.match(r"\w{4,20}@163\.com","cc.hello@163.com").group() In [77]: re.search(r"\w{4,20}@163\.com","cc.hello@163.com").group() In [78]: re.search(r"\w{4,20}@163\.com","cc.hello@163.com.cn").group() In [79]: re.search(r"^\w{4,20}@163\.com","cc.hello@163.com.cn").group() In [80]: re.search(r"^\w{4,20}@163\.com","hello@163.com.cn").group() In [81]: re.search(r"^\w{4,20}@163\.com$","hello@163.com.cn").group() In [82]: re.search(r"^\w{4,20}@163\.com$","hello@163.com").group() In [83]: re.match(r"^\w{4,20}@163\.com","hello@163.com.cn").group() In [84]: re.match(r"^\w{4,20}@163\.com$","hello@163.com.cn").group() In [85]: re.match(r"^\w{4,20}@163\.com$","hello@163.com").group() -------------四 匹配分组 ()将感兴趣的数据进行提取------ In [86]: re.match(r"嫦娥(\d+)号升空了","嫦娥1000号升空了").group() In [87]: re.match(r"嫦娥(\d+)号升空了","嫦娥1000号升空了").group(0) In [88]: re.match(r"嫦娥(\d+)号升空了","嫦娥1000号升空了").group(1) In [89]: re.match(r"^(\w{4,20})@(163)\.com$","hello@163.com").group() In [90]: re.match(r"^(\w{4,20})@(163)\.com$","hello@163.com").group(1) In [91]: re.match(r"^(\w{4,20})@(163)\.com$","hello@163.com").group(2) -------(|)匹配其中任何一个表达式并且放入分组中---- In [92]: re.match(r"^(\w{4,20})@(163|qq)\.com$","hello@263.com").group(2) In [93]: re.match(r"^(\w{4,20})@(163|qq)\.com$","hello@qq.com").group(2) In [94]: re.match(r"^(\w*)hello(\w*)$","hellohello@qq.com").group(1) ---------------------'\分组编号' 使用某个分组的数据在后面某个位置继续匹配 ---- In [11]: re.match(r"^\w{4,20}@163.com$|^\w{4,20}@qq.com$","hello@163.com").group() In [12]: re.match(r"^\w{4,20}@163.com$|^\w{4,20}@qq.com$","hello@qq.com").group() In [13]: re.match(r"^\w{4,20}@(163|qq).com$","hello@qq.com").group() In [14]: re.match(r"^\w{4,20}@(163|qq).com$","hello@163.com").group() In [15]: re.match(r"(\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group() In [16]: re.match(r"(\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group(1) In [17]: re.match(r"(\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group(2) In [18]: re.match(r"(\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8}) \1-\2","0755-12345678 0755-1234567").group(2) In [19]: re.match(r"(\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8}) \1-\2","0755-12345678 0755-12345678").group() In [20]: re.match(r"(\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8}) \1-\2","0755-12345678 0755-1234567").group() In [21]: re.match(r"<(\w+)>","<html>aaa</html>").group(1) In [22]: re.match(r"<(\w+)>(.*)</\1>","<html>aaa</html>").group(1) In [23]: re.match(r"<(\w+)>(.*)</\1>","<html>aaa</html2>").group(1) 匹配多个标签中的数据 <html><body>hello</body></html> """思考问题 如何创建有名分组 如何引用有名分组""" In [24]: re.match(r"<(\w+)><(\w+)>(.+)</\2></\1>","<html><body>hello</body></html>").group() In [25]: re.match(r"<(\w+)><(\w+)>(.+)</\2></\1>","<html><body>hello</body></html>").group(1) In [26]: re.match(r"<(\w+)><(\w+)>(.+)</\2></\1>","<html><body>hello</body></html>").group(2) In [27]: re.match(r"<(\w+)><(\w+)>(.+)</\2></\1>","<html><body>hello</body></html1>").group(2) In [28]: re.match(r"<(\w+)><(\w+)>(.+)</\2></\1>","<html><body>hello</body></html1>").group() In [29]: re.match(r"((\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8}))","0755-12345678").group() In [30]: re.match(r"((\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8}))","0755-12345678").group(1) In [31]: re.match(r"((\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8}))","0755-12345678").group(2) In [32]: re.match(r"((\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8}))","0755-12345678").group(3) In [34]: re.match(r"((\d{3,4})-(\d{6,8})) \2-\3","0755-12345678 0755-12345678").group() In [35]: re.match(r"(?P<quhao>\d{3,4})-(?P<zuoji>\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group() In [36]: re.match(r"(?P<quhao>\d{3,4})-(?P<zuoji>\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group(1) In [37]: re.match(r"(?P<quhao>\d{3,4})-(?P<zuoji>\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group(2) In [38]: re.match(r"(?P<quhao>\d{3,4})-(?P<zuoji>\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group('quhao') In [39]: re.match(r"(?P<quhao>\d{3,4})-(?P<zuoji>\d{6,8})","0755-12345678").group('zuoji') In [40]: re.match(r"(?P<quhao>\d{3,4})-(?P<zuoji>\d{6,8}) (?P=quhao)-(?P=zuoji)","0755-12345678 07 ...: 55-12345678").group() In [41]: re.match(r"((?P<quhao>\d{3,4})-(?P<zuoji>\d{6,8})) (?P=quhao)-(?P=zuoji)","0755-12345678 ...: 0755-12345678").group() ---------------------------re模块高级函数-------------------------- In [42]: ret = re.search(r"\d+", "阅读次数为 9999").group() In [43]: re.search(r"\d+", "阅读次数为 9999").group() Out[43]: '9999' In [46]: re.findall(r"\d+", "python = 9999, c = 7890, c++ = 12345") Out[46]: ['9999', '7890', '12345'] In [47]: re.sub(r"\d+","998","python=997") Out[47]: 'python=998' In [48]: re.sub(r"\d+","998","python=997 c=988") Out[48]: 'python=998 c=998' In [49]: re.sub(r"\d+","998","python=997 c=988",1) Out[49]: 'python=998 c=988' In [52]: def func(matchobj): ...: data = matchobj.group() ...: str_data = str( int(data) + 1) ...: return str_data ...: In [53]: re.sub(r"\d+",func, "age=17") Out[53]: 'age=18' In [54]: data = """ ...: <div> ...: <p>岗位职责:</p> ...: <p>完成推荐算法、数据统计、接口、后台等服务器端相关工作</p> ...: <p><br></p> ...: <p>必备要求:</p> ...: <p>良好的自我驱动力和职业素养,工作积极主动、结果导向</p> ...: <p> <br></p> ...: <p>技术要求:</p> ...: <p>1、一年以上 Python 开发经验,掌握面向对象分析和设计,了解设计模式</p> ...: <p>2、掌握HTTP协议,熟悉MVC、MVVM等概念以及相关WEB开发框架</p> ...: <p>3、掌握关系数据库开发设计,掌握 SQL,熟练使用 MySQL/PostgreSQL 中的一种<br></p> ...: <p>4、掌握NoSQL、MQ,熟练使用对应技术解决方案</p> ...: <p>5、熟悉 Javascript/CSS/HTML5,JQuery、React、Vue.js</p> ...: <p> <br></p> ...: <p>加分项:</p> ...: <p>大数据,数理统计,机器学习,sklearn,高性能,大并发。</p> ...: ...: </div>""" In [55]: re.sub(r"<.*>","",data) Out[55]: '\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n ' In [56]: re.sub(r"<\w+>","",data) Out[56]: '\n\n 岗位职责:</p>\n完成推荐算法、数据统计、接口、后台等服务器端相关工作</p>\n</p>\n必备要求:</p>\n良好的自我驱动力和职业素养,工作积极主动、结果导向</p>\n </p>\n技术要求:</p>\n1、一年以上 Python 开发经验,掌握面向对象分析和设计,了解设计模式</p>\n2、掌握HTTP协议,熟悉MVC、MVVM等概念以及相关WEB开发框架</p>\n3、掌握关系数据库开发设计,掌握 SQL,熟练使用 MySQL/PostgreSQL 中的一种</p>\n4、掌握NoSQL、MQ,熟练使用对应技术解决方案</p>\n5、熟悉 Javascript/CSS/HTML5,JQuery、React、Vue.js</p>\n </p>\n加分项:</p>\n大数据,数理统计,机器学习,sklearn,高性能,大并发。</p>\n\n </div>' In [57]: re.sub(r"</?\w+>","",data) Out[57]: '\n\n 岗位职责:\n完成推荐算法、数据统计、接口、后台等服务器端相关工作\n\n必备要求:\n良好的自我驱动力和职业素养,工作积极主动、结果导向\n \n技术要求:\n1、一年以上 Python 开发经验,掌握面向对象分析和设计,了解设计模式\n2、掌握HTTP协议,熟悉MVC、MVVM等概念以及相关WEB开发框架\n3、掌握关系数据库开发设计,掌握 SQL,熟练使用 MySQL/PostgreSQL 中的一种\n4、掌握NoSQL、MQ,熟练使用对应技术解决方案\n5、熟悉 Javascript/CSS/HTML5,JQuery、React、Vue.js\n \n加分项:\n大数据,数理统计,机器学习,sklearn,高性能,大并发。\n\n ' In [58]: re.sub(r"</?\w+>|\n","",data) Out[58]: ' 岗位职责:完成推荐算法、数据统计、接口、后台等服务器端相关工作必备要求:良好的自我驱动力和职业素养,工作积极主动、结果导向 技术要求:1、一年以上 Python 开发经验,掌握面向对象分析和设计,了解设计模式2、掌握HTTP协议,熟悉MVC、MVVM等概念以及相关WEB开发框架3、掌握关系数据库开发设计,掌握 SQL,熟练使用 MySQL/PostgreSQL 中的一种4、掌握NoSQL、MQ,熟练使用对应技术解决方案5、熟悉 Javascript/CSS/HTML5,JQuery、React、Vue.js 加分项:大数据,数理统计,机器学习,sklearn,高性能,大并发。 ' In [59]: re.sub(r"</?\w+>|\n| ","",data) Out[59]: ' 岗位职责:完成推荐算法、数据统计、接口、后台等服务器端相关工作必备要求:良好的自我驱动力和职业素养,工作积极主动、结果导向;技术要求:1、一年以上 Python 开发经验,掌握面向对象分析和设计,了解设计模式2、掌握HTTP协议,熟悉MVC、MVVM等概念以及相关WEB开发框架3、掌握关系数据库开发设计,掌握 SQL,熟练使用 MySQL/PostgreSQL 中的一种4、掌握NoSQL、MQ,熟练使用对应技术解决方案5、熟悉 Javascript/CSS/HTML5,JQuery、React、Vue.js;加分项:大数据,数理统计,机器学习,sklearn,高性能,大并发。 ' In [60]: re.split(r" ","age=18 name=tom") Out[60]: ['age=18', 'name=tom'] In [61]: re.split(r" |=","age=18 name=tom") Out[61]: ['age', '18', 'name', 'tom'] ----------------------?号将正则转化为非贪婪模式(懒惰模式)------------------------------- In [62]: re.match(r"(\d+)(\d?)","12345678").group() Out[62]: '12345678' In [63]: re.match(r"(\d+)(\d?)","12345678").group(1) Out[63]: '12345678' In [64]: re.match(r"(\d+)(\d?)","12345678").group(2) Out[64]: '' In [65]: re.match(r"(\d+?)(\d?)","12345678").group(2) Out[65]: '2' In [66]: re.match(r"(\d+?)(\d+)","12345678").group(2) Out[66]: '2345678' In [67]: re.match(r"(\d+?)(\d+)","12345678").group(1) Out[67]: '1' In [68]: re.match(r"(\d+)(\d+)","12345678").group(1) Out[68]: '1234567' In [69]: re.match(r"(\d+)(\d+)","12345678").group(2) Out[69]: '8' In [70]: url = """<img alt="丁叮c的直播" data-original="https://rpic.douyucdn.cn/live-cover/appCov ...: ers/2017/12/27/462253_20171227014914_big.jpg" src="https://rpic.douyucdn.cn/live-cover/ap ...: pCovers/2017/12/27/462253_20171227014914_big.jpg" width="283" height="163" style="display ...: : block;">""" In [72]: re.search(r"http.*jpg",url).group() Out[72]: 'https://rpic.douyucdn.cn/live-cover/appCovers/2017/12/27/462253_20171227014914_big.jpg" src="https://rpic.douyucdn.cn/live-cover/appCovers/2017/12/27/462253_20171227014914_big.jpg' In [73]: re.search(r"http.*?jpg",url).group() Out[73]: 'https://rpic.douyucdn.cn/live-cover/appCovers/2017/12/27/462253_20171227014914_big.jpg' ----------------r原生字符串 可以自动将其中的反斜线 进行转义---------------------- In [74]: path = "c:\\a\\b" In [75]: print(path) c:\a\b In [76]: path = "c:\a\b\n" In [77]: print(path) c: In [78]: re.match("c:\\a","c:\\a\\b\\c").group() --------------------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-78-c8bbf045c2be> in <module>() ----> 1 re.match("c:\\a","c:\\a\\b\\c").group() AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group' In [79]: re.match("c:\\\\a","c:\\a\\b\\c").group() Out[79]: 'c:\\a' In [80]: re.match("c:\\\\a\\\\b\\\\c","c:\\a\\b\\c").group() Out[80]: 'c:\\a\\b\\c' In [81]: re.match(r"c:\\a\\b\\c","c:\\a\\b\\c").group() Out[81]: 'c:\\a\\b\\c' In [82]: r"c:\\a\\b\\c" Out[82]: 'c:\\\\a\\\\b\\\\c'