ansible for devops 读书笔记第二章Ad-Hoc Commands

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 07:30:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 07:30:26 发布

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文章标签： devops 运维 python

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/guxiaobei/p/8251127.html

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参数

参数	说明
-a	‘Arguments’, —args=’Arguments’ 命令行参数
-m	NAME, —module-name=NAME 执行模块的名字，默认使用 command 模块，所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数
-i PATH,	—inventory=PATH 指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts.
-u Username，	—user=Username 执行用户，使用这个远程用户名而不是当前用户
-U	—sud-user=SUDO_User sudo到哪个用户，默认为 root
-k	—ask-pass 登录密码，提示输入SSH密码而不是假设基于密钥的验证
-K	—ask-sudo-pass 提示密码使用sudo
-s	—sudo sudo运行
-S	—su 用 su 命令
-l	—list 显示所支持的所有模块
-s	—snippet 指定模块显示剧本片段
-f	—forks=NUM 并行任务数。NUM被指定为一个整数,默认是5。 #ansible testhosts -a “/sbin/reboot” -f 10 重启testhosts组的所有机器，每次重启10台
—private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE	私钥路径，使用这个文件来验证连接
-v	—verbose 详细信息
all	针对hosts 定义的所有主机执行
-M MODULE_PATH,	—module-path=MODULE_PATH 要执行的模块的路径，默认为/usr/share/ansible/
—list-hosts	只打印有哪些主机会执行这个 playbook 文件，不是实际执行该 playbook 文件
-o —one-line	压缩输出，摘要输出.尝试一切都在一行上输出。
-t Directory,	—tree=Directory 将内容保存在该输出目录,结果保存在一个文件中在每台主机上。
-B	后台运行超时时间
-P	调查后台程序时间
-T Seconds,	—timeout=Seconds 时间，单位秒s
-P NUM,	—poll=NUM 调查背景工作每隔数秒。需要- b
-c Connection,	—connection=Connection 连接类型使用。可能的选项是paramiko(SSH),SSH和地方。当地主要是用于crontab或启动。
—tags=TAGS	只执行指定标签的任务例子:ansible-playbook test.yml –tags=copy 只执行标签为copy的那个任务
—list-tasks	列出所有将被执行的任务
-C,	—check 只是测试一下会改变什么内容，不会真正去执行;相反,试图预测一些可能发生的变化
—syntax-check	执行语法检查的剧本,但不执行它
-l SUBSET,	—limit=SUBSET 进一步限制所选主机/组模式 –limit=192.168.0.15 只对这个ip执行
—skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS	只运行戏剧和任务不匹配这些值的标签 —skip-tags=copy_start
-e EXTRA_VARS,	—extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS 额外的变量设置为键=值或YAML / JSON
-l	—limit 对指定的主机/组执行任务 —limit=192.168.0.10，192.168.0.11 或 -l 192.168.0.10，192.168.0.11 只对这个2个ip执行任务

Inventory file for multiple servers
- vim /etc/ansible/hosts
- ```
# Application servers
[app]
192.168.60.4
192.168.60.5

# Database server
[db]
192.168.60.6

# Group 'multi' with all servers
[multi:children]
app
db

# Variables that will be applied to all servers
[multi:vars]
ansible_ssh_user=vagrant
ansible_ssh_private_key_file=~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key
```
  1.The first block puts both of our application servers into an ‘app’ group.
- 2. The second block puts the database server into a ‘db’ group.
- 3. The third block tells ansible to define a new group ‘multi’, with child groups, and we add in both the ‘app’ and ‘db’ groups.
- 4. The fourth block adds variables to the multi group that will be applied to all servers within multi and all its children
ansible multi -a "hostname"
ansible multi -a "hostname" -f 1 这一次是只是用了一个线程
servers have disk space available for our application:
- ansible multi -a "df -h"
make sure there is enough memory on our servers
- 　ansible multi -a "free -m"
Make changes using Ansible modules
- ansible multi -s -m yum -a "name=ntp state=present" -s 的意思是sudo
- ansible multi -s -m service -a "name=ntpd state=started enabled=yes"
- ansible multi -s -a "service ntpd stop"
- ansible multi -s -a "ntpdate -q 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org"
- ansible multi -s -a "service ntpd start"
Configure groups of servers, or individual servers
- ansible app -s -m yum -a "name=MySQL-python state=present"
- ansible app -s -m yum -a "name=python-setuptools state=present"
- ansible app -s -m easy_install -a "name=django"
- ansible app -a "python -c 'import django; print django.get_version()'"
Configure the Database servers
- ansible db -s -m yum -a "name=mariadb-server state=present"
- ansible db -s -m service -a "name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes"
- ansible db -s -a "iptables -F"
- ansible db -s -a "iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.60.0/24 -p tcp \
  -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT"
- ansible db -s -m yum -a "name=MySQL-python state=present"
- ansible db -s -m mysql_user -a "name=django host=% password=12345 \
  priv=*.*:ALL state=present"
Make changes to just one server
- ansible app -s -a "service ntpd status"
- ansible app -s -a "service ntpd restart" --limit "192.168.60.4"　limit后还可以用正则比如 --limit "*.4" --limit ~".*\.4"
Manage users and groups
- ansible app -s -m group -a "name=admin state=present"
- ansible app -s -m user -a "name=johndoe group=admin createhome=yes"
- $ ansible app -s -m user -a "name=johndoe state=absent remove=yes"
Manage files and directories
- Get information about a file　
  - ansible multi -m stat -a "path=/etc/environment"
- Copy a file to the servers
  - ansible multi -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"
- Retrieve a file from the servers
  - ansible multi -s -m fetch -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp" 远程服务器拉取文件至本机，只能fetch文件，不能fetch目录,如果拉目录，先tar/zip 再拉到本机即可
- Create directories and files　
  - ansible multi -m file -a "dest=/tmp/test mode=644 state=directory"
  - ansible multi -m file -a "src=/src/symlink dest=/dest/symlink \
    owner=root group=root state=link"
- Delete directories and files　　
  - ansible multi -m file -a "dest=/tmp/test state=absent"　
Run operations in the background
- ansible multi -s -B 3600 -a "yum -y update" 　
- ansible multi -s -m async_status -a "jid=763350539037"
  check on the status elsewhere using Ansible’s
  async_status module
- Fire-and-forget tasks
  - ansible multi -B 3600 -P 0 -a "/path/to/fire-and-forget-script.sh"
Check log files
- ansible multi -s -a "tail /var/log/messages"
Manage cron jobs
- ansible multi -s -m cron -a "name='daily-cron-all-servers' \
  hour=4 job='/path/to/daily-script.sh'
- ansible multi -s -m cron -a "name='daily-cron-all-servers' state=absent" 删掉