69期-Java SE-037_JDBC-1

 

### JDBC

Java Database Connectivity 是一个独立于特定数据库的管理系统,通用的 SQL 数据库存取和操作的公共接口。

定义了一组标准,为访问不同数据库提供了统一途径。

JDBC 体系结构

两个层面:

- 面向应用的 API,供开发人员调用。
- 面向数据库的 API,供数据库开发厂商开发数据库驱动程序。

JDBC API

提供者:Java 官方

内容:供开发者调用的接口

java.sql 或者 javax.sql 包中

DriverManager 类:管理数据库驱动

Connection 接口:连接数据库

Statement 接口:执行 SQL 

ResultSet 接口:封装结果集



Driver Manager

提供者:Java 官方

作用:为不同的数据库产品提供统一的接入标准。



JDBC 驱动

提供者:数据库厂商

作用:让 Java 完成与特定数据库的对接。



### 使用 JDBC 原理

1、加载数据库驱动,Java Application 和 数据库的桥梁。

2、获取 Connection,一次连接。

3、通过 Connection 对象产生 Statement,执行 SQL 语句。

4、ResultSet 保存 Statment 执行后所产生的结果。



```java
package com.southwind.test;

import com.southwind.entity.User;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        delete();
    }

    public static void save(){
        try {
            Connection connection = getConn();
            //3、定义 SQL
            String sql = "insert into t_user(username,password,age) values('conn','000',18)";
            //4、执行 SQL
            Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
            int result = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(result);
            statement.close();
            connection.close();
        } catch (SQLException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void find(){
        try {
            Connection connection = getConn();
            String sql = "select * from t_user where id = 2";
            Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
            ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            User user = new User();
            if(resultSet.next()){
                long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
                String username = resultSet.getString(2);
                String password2 = resultSet.getString(3);
                int age = resultSet.getInt(4);
                user.setId(id);
                user.setUsername(username);
                user.setPassword(password2);
                user.setAge(age);
            }
            System.out.println(user);
            statement.close();
            connection.close();
        } catch (SQLException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void findAll(){
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            connection = getConn();
            String sql = "select * from t_user";
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
            User user = null;
            while(resultSet.next()){
                long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
                String username = resultSet.getString(2);
                String password2 = resultSet.getString(3);
                int age = resultSet.getInt(4);
                user = new User(id,username,password2,age);
                list.add(user);
            }
            for(User user1 :list){
                System.out.println(user1);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(connection != null){
                    connection.close();
                }
                if(statement != null){
                    statement.close();
                }
                if(resultSet != null){
                    resultSet.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void update(){
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        try {
            connection = getConn();
            String sql = "update t_user set username = 'tom',password = '100',age = 16";
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            System.out.println(statement.executeUpdate(sql));
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if(connection!=null){
                    connection.close();
                }
                if(statement!=null){
                    statement.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    public static void delete(){
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        try{
            connection = getConn();
            String sql = "delete from t_user where id = 2";
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            System.out.println(statement.executeUpdate(sql));
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if(connection != null){
                    connection.close();
                }
                if(statement != null){
                    statement.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConn(){
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mbtest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
            String user = "root";
            String password = "root";
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return connection;
    }
}
```



根据数据表创建相应的类,叫做实体类。

```java
package com.southwind.entity;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public User(Long id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User() {
    }
}
```



### 加载驱动

Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

反射机制,获取运行时类,什么是运行时类?Java 程序是由类组成的,运行时,会将所有的类添加到 JVM 内存中,并且每个类只有一份,保证在 JVM 内存中的类就叫做运行时类。

运行时类是一个动态概念,只有当程序运行的时候,才有运行时类。



Statement 的方法,Statement 是通过 Connection 产生的,是用来执行 SQL 语句的,常用的方法:

- ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) 用来执行查询操作。

- int executeUpdate(String sql) 用来执行新增,修改,删除操作。

- boolean execute(String sql) 可以执行任意的 CRUD 操作。

  true 表示返回结果是 ResultSet,执行的是查询操作。

  false 表示返回结果不是 ResultSet,执行的是新增、修改、删除操作。

  

/entity/User.java

package com.southwind.entity;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public User(Long id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User() {
    }
}

test/Test.java

package com.southwind.test;

import com.southwind.entity.User;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test();
    }

    public static void save(){
        try {
            Connection connection = getConn();
            //3、定义 SQL
            String sql = "insert into t_user(username,password,age) values('conn','000',18)";
            //4、执行 SQL
            Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
            int result = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(result);
            statement.close();
            connection.close();
        } catch (SQLException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void find(){
        try {
            Connection connection = getConn();
            String sql = "select * from t_user where id = 2";
            Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
            ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            User user = new User();
            if(resultSet.next()){
                long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
                String username = resultSet.getString(2);
                String password2 = resultSet.getString(3);
                int age = resultSet.getInt(4);
                user.setId(id);
                user.setUsername(username);
                user.setPassword(password2);
                user.setAge(age);
            }
            System.out.println(user);
            statement.close();
            connection.close();
        } catch (SQLException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void findAll(){
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            connection = getConn();
            String sql = "select * from t_user";
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
            User user = null;
            while(resultSet.next()){
                long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
                String username = resultSet.getString(2);
                String password2 = resultSet.getString(3);
                int age = resultSet.getInt(4);
                user = new User(id,username,password2,age);
                list.add(user);
            }
            for(User user1 :list){
                System.out.println(user1);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(connection != null){
                    connection.close();
                }
                if(statement != null){
                    statement.close();
                }
                if(resultSet != null){
                    resultSet.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void update(){
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        try {
            connection = getConn();
            String sql = "update t_user set username = 'tom',password = '100',age = 16";
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            System.out.println(statement.executeUpdate(sql));
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if(connection!=null){
                    connection.close();
                }
                if(statement!=null){
                    statement.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    public static void delete(){
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        try{
            connection = getConn();
            String sql = "delete from t_user where id = 2";
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            System.out.println(statement.executeUpdate(sql));
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if(connection != null){
                    connection.close();
                }
                if(statement != null){
                    statement.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConn(){
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mbtest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
            String user = "root";
            String password = "root";
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return connection;
    }

    public static void test(){
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try{
            connection = getConn();
//            String sql = "select * from t_user where id = 3";
//            String sql = "insert into t_user(username,password,age) values('aaa','111',22)";
//            String sql = "update t_user set username = 'aa',password='11',age=11";
            String sql = "delete from t_user";
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            boolean flag = statement.execute(sql);
            System.out.println(flag);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if(connection!=null){
                    connection.close();
                }
                if(statement!=null){
                    statement.close();
                }
                if(resultSet!=null){
                    resultSet.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

 

 

 

 

  

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/HiJackykun/p/11182523.html

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