Django--form验证及错误处理

需求

from表单验证和ajax验证时返回的错误信息处理

速查

1、form表单提交时错误信息显示

views

1 2	error = form表单实例化对象.errors return render(request, '前端html' ,{ 'obj' :form表单实例化对象, 'error' :error})    #传到前端用simple_tag解析

html

1 2	{% load xx %}    <!--导入自定义sample_tag语言文件--> < span >{% error_msg error.username %}</ span >    <!--error.username当做参数传给error_msg函数，并获取返回值-->

simple_tag

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@register .simple_tag def error_msg(error_list):      if error_list:          return error_list[ 0 ]      return ''

2、ajax提交时错误信息返回

views

1 2	error = obj.errors.as_json() return HttpResponse(error)

html

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$.ajax({              success: function(arg){                //arg是返回值，必须是字符串                  var callback_dict = $.parseJSON(arg);                  $('#uname_error').text(callback_dict.username[0].message);              }          })

知识点

obj=表单生成文件.表单创建的类（request.POST）

request.POST：所有提交信息

obj.is_valid()：判断提交数据是否正确

obj.clean()：获取提交的所有数据

obj.errors()：获取提交的所有错误信息，有三种表示方式（as_ul、as_json、as_data）：

• form表单提交用默认的，type<class django.forms.utils.ErrorDict>

• ajax返回信息用as_json()，type<'str'>

错误信息里包含的字段和form里的字段一样，错误是个列表，取值obj.errors['username'][0]

html中jinja2语法取字典是不能用errors['key']的方式，得用errors.key;如果获取obj.errors['username'][0]，就得用sample_tag

详细

1、form表单提交时错误信息显示

app01/views/account.py

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from app01.forms import account as AccountForm   def login(request):      obj = AccountForm.LoginForm(request.POST)      if request.method = = 'POST' :          if obj.is_valid():              all_data = obj.clean()          else :              error = obj.errors              return render(request, 'account/login.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj, 'error' :error})      return render(request, 'account/login.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj})

为什么使用sample_tag去取值，而不取好了再传到html，因为如果字段很多的话，要分别定义每个的错误；

templates/login.html

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{% load xx %}    <!--导入自定义sample_tag语言文件--> < html lang = "en" > < head ></ head > < body >      < form action = "/login/" method = "post" >          < p >              {{ obj.username }}              < span >{% error_msg error.username %}</ span >    <!--error.username当做参数传给error_msg函数，并获取返回值-->          </ p >          < p >              {{ obj.password }}< span >{% error_msg error.password %}</ span >          </ p >          < input type = "submit" value = "submit" />      </ form > </ body > </ html >

app01/templatetags/xx.py

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from django import template from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from django.template.base import resolve_variable, Node, TemplateSyntaxError   register = template.Library()   @register .simple_tag def error_msg(error_list):      if error_list:          return error_list[ 0 ]

browser

2、ajax提交时错误信息返回

ajax必须返回的是字符串，所以用as_json()格式。

先看as_json获取的信息格式

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{      "username" : [          { "message" : "This field is required." , "code" : "required" }      ],      "password" : [          { "message" : "This field is required." , "code" : "required" }      ] }

app01/views/account.py

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from app01.forms import account as AccountForm   def login(request):      obj = AccountForm.LoginForm(request.POST)      if request.method = = 'POST' :          if obj.is_valid():              all_data = obj.clean()          else :              error = obj.errors.as_json()              return HttpResponse(error)      return render(request, 'account/login.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj})

templates/login.html

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< form action = "/login/" method = "post" >      < p >          {{ obj.username }}          < span id = "uname_error" ></ span >      </ p >      < p >          {{ obj.password }}          < span id = "pwd_error" ></ span >      </ p > {#        < input type = "submit" value = "submit" />#}      < input type = "button" value = "AjaxSubmit" onclick = "AjaxSubmit();" /> </ form >   < script src = "{{ STATIC_URL }}js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js" ></ script > < script type = "text/javascript" >      function AjaxSubmit(){          $.ajax({              url: '/login/',              type: 'POST',              data: {'username':'','password':''},    //就当提交了一个空数据，制造错误              success: function(arg){                //arg是返回值，必须是字符串                  var callback_dict = $.parseJSON(arg);                  $('#uname_error').text(callback_dict.username[0].message);                  $('#pwd_error').text(callback_dict.password[0].message); {#                    console.log(callback_dict.username[0].message)#}              }          })      } </ script >

app01/forms/account.py

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from django import forms   class LoginForm(forms.Form):      username = forms.CharField()      password = forms.CharField(widget = forms.PasswordInput())

browser

来自为知笔记(Wiz)

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/daliangtou/p/5307087.html