数据整理
1、Natural Earth Data
Natural Earth Data提供了全球范围内的矢量和影像数据。Natural Earth Data的最大优势就是数据是开放性的，用户有传播和修改数据的权限。
（1）Natural Earth为制作个性化地图提供方便的资源，而不是为了科学分析和军事制图。Natural Earth是为了满足各种软件应用制图的需要，灵活性是Natural Earth的目标。
（2）Natural Earth数据分为文化层、自然层和栅格层。文化层包括了国家（包含属性）、争议地区及独立地区、一级行政区、点状居民地、面状城市（按照2002-2003 MODIS数据）、公园及保护区、太平洋岛国、水体行政边界（包含争议区）；自然图层包括海岸线、陆地边界、海洋、岛屿、珊瑚礁、自然注记、河流和湖泊中线、湖、冰川地区、南极冰架、水深（按照SRTM）、地理圈（极地、赤道、日期线等）、经纬网；栅格层包括分层设色（气候、高层）、土地覆盖（海底）、历史覆盖数据、海底深度、水深、SRTM高程晕眩图、灰度高程眩晕图。
（3）矢量数据格式为ESRI shapefile；栅格数据格式为TIFF+TFW world文件；坐标系为WGS84 datum +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs。
（4）网址：http://www.naturalearthdata.com/
2、USGS Earth Explorer
美国地质勘探局（United States Geological Survey，简称USGS），是美国内政部所属的科学研究机构。其官网上提供最新、最全面的全球卫星影像，包括Landsat、Modis等。
网址：http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
网站无法登陆（被墙）
3、OpenStreetMap
4、NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)
SEDAC提供全球范围内的GIS数据以帮助人们了解人与环境间的相互影响。数据涉及农业、气候、健康、基础设施、土地利用、海洋和沿海、人口、贫困、可持续性、城市和水等15种类型。（哥伦比亚大学）
数据分类包括：农业，气候，保护，框架数据，治理，危害，健康，基础设施，土地利用，海洋和沿海，人口，贫困，遥感，可持续性，城市，水。
如：全球PM2.5（由MODIS、MISR和WiFS大气遥感气融胶粒子厚度得到）1998-2012；全球各国的环境指标（2002-2014）。
网址：http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/sets/browse
5、Open Topography
Open Topography是一个提供高空间分辨率的地形数据和操作工具的门户网站。通过Open Topography，用户可以下载LiDAR数据（主要包括：美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、巴西、海地、墨西哥和波多黎各）。
数据包括激光雷达点云：186个数据集，覆盖面积180,122 km²，数据大小20766.28 GB.
OpenTopography_Airborne Lidar Datasets.html
栅格：81个数据集，覆盖面积239,120,000 km²，其中高分辨率127,009 km²，数据总大小2059.04 GB.数据包括数字高程模型（DEM）全球数据集（从卫星雷达地形测绘任务的空激光雷达测量（SRTM）和栅格数据计算）。航空激光雷达测量DEM可作为裸土（地），高辐射（反射或散射），或强（激光脉冲强度）片区。目录见OpenTopography_Raster.html。
google地球文件：谷歌地球的激光雷达成像。谷歌地球（或类似的虚拟地球）提供查看来自激光雷达地形数据图像的一个好方法。这些谷歌地球文件还强大的教育和宣传，并在工作之前与其他激光雷达产品的天气浏览数据。opentopography这部分数据提供1米分辨率激光雷达图像KMZ文件。目录见文件Lidar Derived Imagery in Google Earth.html
元数据:元数据文件目录见OpenTopography_Metadata.html文件，详细元数据无法下载。
共享数据:共享数据由Open Topography社区提供，通过鼓励雷达数据组织将开放数据在此登记，形成数据目录，以便用户发现它们。共享数据目录见OpenTopography_Community Contributed Data.html文件。
网站：http://www.opentopography.org/
6、Diva GIS
Diva GIS包含全球各个国家的基础地理数据——边界、铁路、道路、气候、生物多样性以及农作物等。提供DIVA-GIS 7.5工具。
数据包括：（1）国家级的行政边界、道路、铁路、海拔、地表覆盖人口密度；（2）全球国家边界（2011年）；（3）全球气候数据；（4）生物多样性数据；（5）作物（基因库）收集的数据；（6）全球90m分辨率高程数据；（7）高分辨率遥感影像(LandSat) ,MrSid格式。
网站：http://www.diva-gis.org/Data
7、UNEP Environmental Data Explorer
UNEP（联合国环境规划署）包含全球范围内500多种不同类型的空间和非空间数据，如淡水、人口、森林、污染排放、气候、灾害、卫生和国内生产总值等。
数据功能列表
数据列表
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2010 BIP Biodiversity Indicators
Adjusted Human Water Security Threat
Administrative Boundaries - First Level
Administrative Boundaries - First Level (ESRI)
Agricultural Area
Agricultural Area Actually Irrigated
Agricultural Area Certified Organic
Agriculture Value Added - Percent of GDP
Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Biodiversity
Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change Adaptation
Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change Mitigation
Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Desertification
Aid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - Biodiversity
Aid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change Mitigation
Aid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - Desertification
Air Transport - Passengers Carried
Alternative Conversion Factor (Exchange Rate)
Amounts of Municipal Waste - Total
Amphibians - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Amphibians - Number of Endangered Species
Amphibians - Number of Species Evaluated
Amphibians - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Amphibians - Number of Threatened Species
Amphibians - Number of Vulnerable Species
Animal Species - Threatened
Animals - Number of Species Evaluated
Animals - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Animals - Number of Threatened Species
Annual Precipitation
Annual Temperature
Anthropogenic Drivers of Change on Marine Ecosystems: Nutrient Pollution (Fertilizer)
Aquaculture Production - Inland Waters
Aquaculture Production - Marine
Aquaculture Production - Total
Arable Land
Arable Land and Permanent Crops
Arsenic in Groundwater - Probability of Occurrence
Artificial Surfaces and Associated Areas - from GlobCover Land Cover (v2.2)
Average Carbon Content in the Topsoil
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - April
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - August
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - December
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - February
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - January
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - July
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - June
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - March
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - May
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - November
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - October
Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - September
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - April
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - August
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - December
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - February
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - January
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - July
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - June
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - March
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - May
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - November
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - October
Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - September
Average Supply of Protein of Animal Origin
Average Value of Food Production
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biogeographical Provinces
Birds - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Birds - Number of Endangered Species
Birds - Number of Species Evaluated
Birds - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Birds - Number of Threatened Species
Birds - Number of Vulnerable Species
Births
Blue Water Footprint of National Production
CO2 emissions - per Capita (WDI)
Cadmium (Cd) Consumption
Cadmium (Cd) Production
Carbon Stock in Living Forest Biomass
Carbon to the Atm. From Land-Use Change - Ann. Net Flux
Cash Surplus/Deficit - Percent of of GDP
Central Government Debt - Percent of GDP
Cereal Import Dependency Ratio
Cereals - Area Harvested
Cereals - Area Harvested BIDON for aggregations only
Cereals - Production
Cereals - Yield
Change in Glacier Mass
Change in Glacier Mass - Mean Cumulative Net Balance
Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property - Payments
Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property - Receipts
Children Under 5 with Diarrhoea - Percent
Civil Aviation Traffic - International Freight
Civil Aviation Traffic - International Kilometers Flown
Civil Aviation Traffic - International Passengers Carried
Civil Aviation Traffic - Total Freight
Civil Aviation Traffic - Total Kilometers Flown
Civil Aviation Traffic - Total Passengers Carried
Claimed Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Commercial Activity - Shipping
Concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in Rivers, Lakes and Groundwater
Concentration of Nitrogen (NO3+NO2) in Rivers, Lakes and Groundwater
Concentrations of Particulate Matter less than 10 microns (PM10)
Conservation Agriculture Area: >30% Ground Cover
Consumer Price Index (2000 = 100)
Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - All
Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Carbon Tetrachloride
Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Halons
Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Methyl Bromide
Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Methyl Chloroform
Continental Shelf Area
Continuos Fields Tree Cover
Country Area
Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
Crustaceans - Number of Species Evaluated
Crustaceans - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Crustaceans - Number of Threatened Species
Cyclone Buffers (WMS Test)
DEM 5 minutes - All
DEM 5 minutes - Continent
DEM 5 minutes - Ocean
Dams
Desalinated Water Produced
Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Killed People
Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Killed per Million People
Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Total Affected People
Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Total Affected per Million People
Disasters of Natural Origin - Affected People
Disasters of Natural Origin - Killed People
Disasters of Natural Origin - Killed per Million People
Disasters of Natural Origin - Total Affected per Million People
Disasters of Natural Origin - Total Affected People
Diseases of the Respiratory System - Number of Deaths
Diseases of the Respiratory System - Number of Deaths per 100,000 Population
Domestic Food Price Index
Dominant Type of Problem Lands
Droughts - Killed People
Drylands - Percent of Total Area
Drylands - Total Area
ETOPO1 Global Relief Model
Earthquake Intensity Zones
Easy Available Water
Ecological Footprint
Ecological Zones (Holdridge Lifezones)
Economically Active Population
Economically Active Population in Agriculture
Economically Active Population in Agriculture - Female
Economically Active Population in Agriculture - Male
Electricity - Distribution Losses (IEA)
Electricity - Domestic Supply (IEA)
Electricity - Nuclear Industry (IEA)
Electricity - Production (IEA)
Electricity - Total Final Consumption (IEA)
Electricity Consumption - Residential (IEA)
Electricity Consumption - Transport Sector (IEA)
Emissions of CH4 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of CH4 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of CH4 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CH4 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)
Emissions of CH4 - Waste (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CH4 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CH4 - from Animal Breeding: Enteric Fermentation (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CH4 - from Coal Mining and Solid Fuel Transformation (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CH4 - from Enteric Fermentation Cattle (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CH4 - from Oil and Gas production (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CH4 - from Rice Cultivation (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of CO - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of CO - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CO2 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of CO2 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of CO2 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO2 - from Nonmetallic Minerals Production (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO2 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CO2 - from Cement Production (CDIAC)
Emissions of CO2 - from Cement Production (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CO2 - from Forest Fires Decay (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO2 - from Fossil Fuels - Total (CDIAC)
Emissions of CO2 - from Gas Flaring (CDIAC)
Emissions of CO2 - from Gas Fuels Consumption (CDIAC)
Emissions of CO2 - from Heating/Cooling/Electrical Equipment of Buildings (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO2 - from Industrial Combustion for Manufacturing (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO2 - from Liquid Fuels Consumption (CDIAC)
Emissions of CO2 - from Manufacturing Industries and Construction (IEA)
Emissions of CO2 - from Power Generation (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CO2 - from Power Plants (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO2 - from Public Electricity and Heat Production (IEA)
Emissions of CO2 - from Residentials, Commercials and Other Sector (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CO2 - from Road Transport (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of CO2 - from Solid Fuels Consumption (CDIAC)
Emissions of CO2 - from Transport (IEA)
Emissions of CO2 - from Transport Road (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of CO2 per GDP (PPP)
Emissions of GHGs - Total (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of GHGs - Total (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of GHGs - from Agriculture (National Reports, UNFCCC)
Emissions of GHGs - from Energy (National Reports, UNFCCC)
Emissions of GHGs - from Industrial Processes (National Reports, UNFCCC)
Emissions of GHGs - from Transport (National Reports, UNFCCC)
Emissions of GHGs - from Waste (National Reports, UNFCCC)
Emissions of HFCs - all Gases
Emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 - Aggregated (National Reports, UNFCCC)
Emissions of N2O (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of N2O (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of N2O - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of N2O - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)
Emissions of N2O - from Agriculture (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of N2O - from Agriculture (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)
Emissions of N2O - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of N2O - from Fertilizer Use in Arable Land (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of N2O - from Soil Emissions (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010)
Emissions of NMVOC (Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds) - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of NMVOC - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of NMVOC - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of NMVOC - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)
Emissions of NOx (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of NOx (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of NOx - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)
Emissions of NOx - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Emissions of Organic Water Pollutants (BOD) - Total
Emissions of Organic Water Pollutants (BOD) - per Worker
Emissions of Particulates Smaller than 2.5 Microns
Emissions of SO2 (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of SO2 (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Emissions of SO2 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2)
Emissions of SO2 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP)
Energy Capacity - Nuclear
Energy Consumption for Road Transport Sector - Total (IEA)
Energy Consumption for Total Transport Sector - Total (IEA)
Energy Imports Net - Percent of Energy Use
Energy Production
Energy Production - Biodiesel (IEA)
Energy Production - Biogasoline (IEA)
Energy Production - Combustible Renewables and Waste (IEA)
Energy Production - Crude Oil (IEA)
Energy Production - Hydro (IEA)
Energy Production - Natural gas (IEA)
Energy Production - Nuclear (IEA)
Energy Production - Other Liquid Biofuels (IEA)
Energy Production - Total (IEA)
Energy Use - per Capita
Energy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 GDP (Constant 2005 PPP $)
European Remote Sensing Forest/Non-forest Digital Map
Exclusive Fishing Zone (EFZ)
Exports of Goods and Services
External Debt Stocks - Total
Extreme Temperatures - Killed People
Fertility
Fish Catch - Inland Waters
Fish Catch - Marine
Fish Catch - Total
Fish Stocks Exploitation - Fully Exploited
Fish Stocks Exploitation - Not Fully Exploited
Fish Stocks Exploitation - Overexploited
Fishery Production - Inland Waters
Fishery Production - Marine
Fishery Production - Total
Fishes - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Fishes - Number of Endangered Species
Fishes - Number of Species Evaluated
Fishes - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Fishes - Number of Threatened Species
Fishes - Number of Vulnerable Species
Floods - Killed People
Fluoride in Groundwater - Probability of Occurrence
Food Supply Quantity - Cereals
Food Supply Quantity - Fish and Seafood
Food Supply Quantity - Meat
Foreign Direct Investment - Net Inflows
Forest Area
Forest Average Annual Change
Forest Fire Extent
Forest Harvest Rate
Forest Plantation Annual Change
Forest Plantation Extent
Forest Primary Designated Function - Conservation of Biodiversity
Forest Primary Designated Function - Production
Forest Revenue
Forest within Protected Areas
Forests - Current
Forests - Original
Forests Certified by FSC- Accredited Certification Bodies
Forests Certified by PEFC Chain of Custody - Area
Forests Certified by PEFC Chain of Custody - Number of Certifications
GTOPO30 Global Shaded Relief
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
Gender-related Development Index (GDI)
General Government Final Consumption Expenditure
Gini Index
Girls to Boys Ratio in Primary Education Enrolment
GlobCover Land Cover (v2.2)
Global 1Km Land Cover - UMD Legend
Global 1km Land Cover - IGBP Legend
Global 1km Land Cover - Olson Global Ecosystem Legend
Global 1km Land Cover - USGS Legend
Global Average Temperature
Global Burnt Area
Global Forest Canopy Density
Global Forest Cover
Global Humidity Index
Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-1) - Level 1
Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-2) - Level 2
Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-3) - Level 3
Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC 2000)
Global Land-Ocean Temperature Anomaly
Global Mean GHG in the Atmosphere
Global Mean Land Surface Temperature
Global Mean Sea Level (CSIRO)
Global Mean Sea Level (NOAA/LSA)
Global Mean Sea Level (University of Colorado)
Global Mean Sea Surface Temperature
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2000
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2001
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2002
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2003
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2004
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2005
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2006
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2007
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2008
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2009
Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2010
Global Vegetation Index 1983-1990
Globally Averaged Marine Surface Annual Mean Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Concentration
Green Water Footprint of National Production
Grey Water Footprint of National Production
Gridded Population of the World - Population
Gridded Population of the World - Population Density
Gridded Population of the World: Future Estimates - Population
Gridded Population of the World: Future Estimates - Population Density
Gross Domestic Product
Gross Domestic Product - Annual Percentage Growth Rate
Gross Domestic Product - Purchasing Power Parity
Gross Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education
Gross Enrolment Ratio in Secondary Education
Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education (ISCED Categories 5 and 6)
Gross National Income
Groundwater Produced Internally
Groundwater Resources and Recharge (WMS Test)
Growing Stock in Forest
Hazardous Pesticides - Exports
Hazardous Pesticides - Imports
Hazardous Waste - Production
Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE)
Hospital Beds - per 10 000 Population
Household Final Consumption Expenditure - Total
Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) as a Percentage of Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
Human Development Index (HDI)
Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems
Human Induced Soil Degradation (GLASOD)
Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries (HPI-1)
ISO 14001 Certifications
Imports of Goods and Services
Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Rural Population
Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Rural Population as Percentage of Rural Population
Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Total Population
Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Total Population as Percentage of Total Population
Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Urban Population
Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Urban Population as Percentage of Urban Population
Improved Sanitation Coverage - Rural Population
Improved Sanitation Coverage - Rural Population as Percentage of Rural Population
Improved Sanitation Coverage - Total Population
Improved Sanitation Coverage - Total Population as Percentage of Total Population
Improved Sanitation Coverage - Urban Population
Improved Sanitation Coverage - Urban Population as Percentage of Urban Population
Industry Value Added
Infant Mortality Rate
Insects - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Insects - Number of Endangered Species
Insects - Number of Species Evaluated
Insects - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Insects - Number of Threatened Species
Insects - Number of Vulnerable Species
International Tourism - Arrivals
International Tourism - Departures
Irrigated Areas
Land Area
Land Area where Elevation is Below 5 meters - Percent of Land Area
Large Marine Ecosystem (LME)
Lead (Pb) Consumption
Lead (Pb) Production
Length of Available Growing Period
Length of Coastline
Life Expectancy
Living Planet Index - Freshwater
Living Planet Index - Global
Living Planet Index - Marine
Living Planet Index - Temperate
Living Planet Index - Terrestrial
Living Planet Index - Tropical
Major Rare Earth Element (REE) Mines, Deposits and Occurrences of the World
Mammals - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Mammals - Number of Endangered Species
Mammals - Number of Species Evaluated
Mammals - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Mammals - Number of Threatened Species
Mammals - Number of Vulnerable Species
Mangroves
Mangroves Forest Extent - Protected Area
Mangroves Forest Extent - Total Area
Manufacturing Value Added
Map of the Natural Vegetation
Marine + Terrestrial Area for WDPA - BIDON
Marine Area for WDPA - BIDON
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Matthews Cultivation Intensity
Matthews Vegetation
Mean Annual Precipitation
Mean Annual Rainfall
Mercury (Hg) Production
Military Expenditures - Percent of GDP
Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS)
Mineral Resources Outside the United States
Mobile Cellular Subscriptions per 100 Inhabitants
Modis Blue Marble Land Surface
Molluscs - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Molluscs - Number of Endangered Species
Molluscs - Number of Species Evaluated
Molluscs - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Molluscs - Number of Threatened Species
Molluscs - Number of Vulnerable Species
Most Suitable Cereal
Motor Vehicles in Use - Commercial Vehicles per Thousand People
Motor Vehicles in Use - Number of Commercial Vehicles
Motor Vehicles in Use - Number of Passenger Cars
Motor Vehicles in Use - Passenger Cars per Thousand People
Municipal Waste Collection
Net Enrolment Ratios in Primary Education
Net Enrolment Ratios in Secondary Education
Net Migration
Net Migration Rate
Net Number of Migrants
Net ODA Received - per Capita
Net Official Aid Received
Net Production Index - Agriculture
Net Production Index - Cereals
Net Production Index - Crops
Net Production Index - Food
Net Production Index - Livestock
Net Reproduction Rate
Nighttime Lights of the World - Human Settlements
Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Consumption in Nutrients
Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Export Quantity in Nutrients
Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Import Quantity in Nutrients
Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Production in Nutrients
Nuclear Power Reactors Operable - Electrical Output
Nuclear Power Reactors Operable - Number
Nuclear Power Reactors Planned - Electrical Output
Nuclear Power Reactors Planned - Number
Nuclear Power Reactors Proposed - Electrical Output
Nuclear Power Reactors Proposed - Number
Nuclear Power Reactors Under Construction - Electrical Output
Nuclear Power Reactors Under Construction - Number
Nuclear Waste - Spent Fuel Arisings
Number of Parties to 13 Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)
Number of Physicians
Number of people undernourished
Nursing and Midwifery Personnel Density - per 10 000 Population
Ocean Acidification
Official Development Assistance and Official Aid
Official List of MDG Indicators
Oil Palm Fruit - Area Harvested
Other Wooded Land Extent
Participation in Treaties - Basel Convention
Participation in Treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity
Participation in Treaties - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Participation in Treaties - Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
Participation in Treaties - Kyoto Protocol
Participation in Treaties - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
Participation in Treaties - Rotterdam Convention
Participation in Treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Participation in Treaties - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Participation in Treaties - United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
Participation in Treaties - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Participation in Treaties - Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol
Participation in Treaties - World Heritage Convention
Patent Applications - Residents
Patent Applications - non Residents
Per Capita Food Production Variability
Per Capita Food Supply Variability
Percentage of Arable Land Equipped for Irrigation
Percentage of Population Below US $ 1.25 per Day Consumption
Percentage of Population Below US $ 2 per Day Consumption
Permanent Crops
Permanent Crops Irrigated
Permanent Meadows and Pastures
Personal Computers per 100 People
Pesticides Consumption - Fungicides, Bactericides
Pesticides Consumption - Herbicides
Pesticides Consumption - Insecticides
Pesticides Consumption - Mineral Oils
Pesticides Consumption - Plant Growth Regulators
Pesticides Consumption - Rodenticides
Phosphate (P2O5 Total Nutrients) - Consumption
Phosphate (P2O5 Total Nutrients) - Production
Phosphate Fertilizers (P205 Total Nutrients) - Export Quantity in Nutrients
Phosphate Fertilizers (P205 Total Nutrients) - Import Quantity in Nutrients
Plant Species - Threatened
Plants - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Plants - Number of Endangered Species
Plants - Number of Species Evaluated
Plants - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Plants - Number of Threatened Species
Plants - Number of Vulnerable Species
Plastics Production
Population - Aged 0 - 4
Population - Aged 15 - 64
Population - Aged 65 and Over
Population - Female - BIDON
Population - Median Age
Population - Sex Ratio
Population - Total - BIDON
Population - Total Female
Population - Total Male
Population - Total both Sexes
Population Affected by Water Related Disease
Population Connected to Public Waste Water Treatement Plants
Population Density
Population Growth Rate
Population Using Solid Fuels
Population Within 100 Kilometers of Coast
Population in Drylands - Percent of Total Population
Population in Drylands - Total
Potash (K2O Total Nutrients) - Consumption
Potash (K2O Total Nutrients) - Production
Potential Evapotranspiration
Potential Grain Production per Person - High Inputs
Potential Grain Production per Person - Low Inputs
Potential Rainfed Food Production - Low Inputs
Poverty Gap at US $ 1.25 (PPP)
Poverty Gap at US $ 2 (PPP)
Precipitation - Cubic Kilometers
Precipitation - Millimeters
Primary Forest Annual Change
Primary Forest Extent
Proportion of Households with Access to Secure Tenure
Proportion of Land Area Covered by Forest
Proportion of Total Renewable Water Resources
Protected Areas (Marine, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Marine Area
Protected Areas (Marine, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Total
Protected Areas (Terrestrial and Marine Combined, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Total Territorial Area
Protected Areas (Terrestrial and Marine Combined, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Total
Protected Areas (Terrestrial, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Terrestrial Area
Protected Areas (Terrestrial, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Total
Protected Areas International - All International Sites (Points)
Protected Areas International - All International Sites (Polygons)
Protected Areas International - All National Sites (Points)
Protected Areas International - All National Sites (Polygons)
Protected Areas International - All National and International Marine Sites (Points)
Protected Areas International - All National and International Marine Sites (Polygons)
Protected Areas International - All National and International Sites (Points)
Protected Areas International - All National and International Sites (Polygons)
Protected Areas International - Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar and World Heritage Sites (Points)
Protected Areas International - Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar and World Heritage Sites (Polygons)
Protected Areas International - Regional Conventions and Agreements (Points)
Protected Areas International - Regional Conventions and Agreements (Polygons)
Protected Areas National - IUCN category I to VI (Points)
Protected Areas National - IUCN category I to VI (Polygons)
Protected Areas National - IUCN unkown (Points)
Protected Areas National - IUCN unkown (Polygons)
Protected Areas National - Other Areas (Points)
Protected Areas National - Other Areas (Polygons)
Railways Lines - Total Route-km
Railways Traffic - Goods Hauled
Railways Traffic - Passenger Carried
Rapeseed (Colza) - Area Harvested
Ratio of Literate Women to Men Aged 15-24
Refugee Population by Country of Asylum
Refugee Population by Country of Origin
Renewable Energy Supply Index - Biofuels (IEA)
Renewable Energy Supply Index - Geothermal (IEA)
Renewable Energy Supply Index - Hydro (IEA)
Renewable Energy Supply Index - Solar (IEA)
Renewable Energy Supply Index - Tide, Wave, Ocean (IEA)
Renewable Energy Supply Index - Total Renewables (including Waste) (IEA)
Renewable Energy Supply Index - Wind (IEA)
Reported Cholera Cases - Number of Cases
Reported Cholera Cases - Number of Deaths
Reported Malaria Cases - Total Number
Reported Malaria Cases - Total Number per 100,000 Population
Reptiles - Number of Critically Endangered Species
Reptiles - Number of Endangered Species
Reptiles - Number of Species Evaluated
Reptiles - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described
Reptiles - Number of Threatened Species
Reptiles - Number of Vulnerable Species
Research and Development Expenditure - percent of GDP
Rice - Area Harvested
Rice - Area Harvested BIDON for aggregations only
Rice - Production
Rice - Yield
River Network - HydroSHEDS
Roundwood - Production
Rural Population - Total
School Age Population - Primary
School Age Population - Secondary
School Age Population - Tertiary
Sea Ice Area (North)
Sea Ice Area (South)
Sea Ice Extent (North)
Sea Ice Extent (South)
September Sea Ice Extent (North)
Services Value Added - Percent of GDP
Sewage Sludge Production
Share of Food Expenditure of the Poor
Slides - Killed People
Soil Map of the European Communities (CORINE)
Soil Production Index
Soybeans - Area Harvested
Sugar Beet - Area Harvested
Sugar Cane - Area Harvested
Sunflower Seed - Area Harvested
Surface Micro- and Mesoplastic Concentrations in Western Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean
Surface Water Produced Internally
Teaching Staff in Primary Education
Teaching Staff in Secondary Education
Teaching Staff in Tertiary Education
Telephone Main Lines in Use
Telephone Main Lines in Use per 100 People
Television Sets
Television Sets per 1000 People
Terrestrial Area for WDPA - BIDON
Territorial Sea
Threats to Reefs
Total Amount of Generated Hazardous Wastes
Total Amount of Generated Other Wastes
Total Area Equipped for Irrigation
Total Dam Capacity
Total Final Energy Consumption - Biodiesel (IEA)
Total Final Energy Consumption - Biogasoline (IEA)
Total Final Energy Consumption - Other Liquid Biofuels (IEA)
Total Final Energy Consumption - Total (IEA)
Total Forest Extent
Total Health Expenditure - Percent of GDP
Total Number of Graduates in Tertiary Education
Total Pesticides - Exports
Total Pesticides - Imports
Total Primary Energy Supply - Coal and Coal Products (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Combustible Renewables and Waste (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Crude Oil (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Geothermal (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Hydro (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Natural Gas (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Nuclear (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Petroleum Products (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Solar, Wind, Tide and Other (IEA)
Total Primary Energy Supply - Total (IEA)
Total Surface Area
Total Unemployment - Percent of Total Labor Force
Trade - Percent of GDP
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous and Other Wastes - Exports
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous and Other Wastes - Imports
Transport Sector Diesel Fuel Consumption per Capita
Transport Sector Gasoline Fuel Consumption per Capita
Traveltime to Major Cities: A Global Map of Accessibility
Treated Waste Water Reused
Under-Five Mortality Rate
Urban Population - Average Annual Growth Rate
Urban Population - Average Annual Growth Rate - BIDON
Urban Population - Percent of Total Population
Urban Population - Total
WWF Ecoregions - Major Habitat Types (Biomes) Legend
WWF Ecoregions - Terrestrial Ecoregions Legend
Waste Recycling Rates - Glass
Waste Recycling Rates - Paper and Cardboard
Water Footprint
Water Quality for Major Watersheds
Water Quality for Selected Lakes
Water Resources - Dependency Ratio
Water Resources - Overlap Between Surface Water and Groundwater
Water Resources - Total Exploitable
Water Resources - Total External (Actual)
Water Resources - Total Internal Renewable
Water Resources - Total Renewable (Actual)
Water Use - Agricultural Water Withdrawal
Water Use - Industrial Water Withdrawal
Water Use - Municipal Water Withdrawal
Water Use - Total Groundwater Withdrawal
Water Use - Total Surface Water Withdrawal
Water Use - Total Water Withdrawal
Water footprint of consumption of agricultural products
Water footprint of consumption of industrial products
Water footprint of domestic water consumption
Watershed Boundaries - HydroSHEDS
Watershed Boundaries Level 1 - HYDRO1k
Watershed Boundaries Level 2 - HYDRO1k
Watershed Boundaries Level 3 - HYDRO1k
Waves/Surges - Killed People
Wetlands
Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) - Area
Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) - Number
Whites Vegetation Map
Wild Fires - Killed People
Wilderness Areas
Wind Storms - Killed People
Wood Fuel Production
World Heritage Sites - Number
网址：http://geodata.grid.unep.ch
8、FAO GeoNetwork
FAO是一个全球地理信息系统数据集，通过它你可以下载到农业、渔业、土地资源相关的GIS数据，同时它提供相关卫星图像数据。
数据类型包括：行政和政治边界，农业和畜牧业，应用生态学，基础地图、遥感和地名，生物和生态资源，气候，渔业和水产养殖，林业，人类健康，水文水资源，基础设施，土地覆盖与土地利用，人口与社会经济指标，土壤和土壤资源，地形
包含源数据。
元数据结构：
数据分类体系：
网址：http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
9、NASA Earth Observations (NEO)
NEO专注于提供全球范围内的卫星影像（大气、能源、土地、生活、海洋等50多种不同数据专题）。通过NEO可以查看地球气候和环境状况的每日快照。
网址：http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov
10、ISCGM Global Map
全球制图指导委员会（iscgm）：ISCGM提供的数据种类包括全球土地和森林覆盖数据集。同时一些文化和自然矢量数（边界、排水、交通、人口中心、海拔、土地覆盖、土地利用和植被）也能在这里获取。
11、中国科学院数据云
免费数据包括：
LANDSAT 系列数据（52.6TB），MODIS 陆地标准产品（80.0TB），MODIS 中国合成产品（8.7TB），MODISL1B 标准产品（165.1TB），DEM 数字高程数据（1.3TB），EO-1 系列数据（3.2TB），NOAAA VHRR 数据产品（），大气污染插值数据（），Sentinel数据（4.8TB）……
商业数据包括：
高分一号、高分二号、高分三号。
注：网站还提供了数据的空间检索、数据众包等。
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