1、安装docker
1.1、安装环境
[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@docker ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
1.2、安装docker
yum install docker -y
1.3、查看安装结果
[root@docker ~]# rpm -qa docker docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14.x86_64 [root@docker ~]# docker --version Docker version 1.10.3, build cb079f6-unsupported
我们可以通过官方的yum源安装docker1.12，或在docker官网下载最新版本。
Docker官网：http://www.docker.com/
注：使用docker目前使用的越新越好，因为docker一直都在不足，每次更新都更加的完善。
2、启动docker
2.1、启动docker镜像
[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker
2.2、查看docker状态
[root@docker ~]# systemctl status docker ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-12-01 20:17:44 CST; 13s ago Docs: http://docs.docker.com Main PID: 7595 (docker-current) CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service └─7595 /usr/bin/docker-current daemon --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald Dec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.379210415+08:00" level=warning msg="Docker could not enable SELinux on the host system" Dec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.528222902+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.01 seconds" Dec 01 20:17:42 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:42.301945116+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: true" Dec 01 20:17:43 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:43.809557691+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.1...IP address" Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395349153+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start." Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395640410+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395690801+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395765160+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=cb079f6-unsupported execdriver=native-0...sion=1.10.3 Dec 01 20:17:44 docker systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.511453473+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock" Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
2.3、关闭docker
systemctl stop docker
2.4、查看本地网络
ifconfig docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 02:42:61:c2:8e:54 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.0.0.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255 ether 00:0c:29:1c:0e:08 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 182195 bytes 17035479 (16.2 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 14495 bytes 1810618 (1.7 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) RX packets 4 bytes 200 (200.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 4 bytes 200 (200.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
docker启动后，会生成一个docker:0的网卡（虚拟机也会生成）。
3、基础命令讲解
下面我将以docker的三大组件，分别讲解命令。
- 镜像
- 容器
- 仓库
3.1、镜像
docker 运行容器前需要本地存在对应的镜像，如果镜像本地不存在，docker会从镜像仓库下载（默认从Docker Hub仓库下载）。
3.1.1、搜索
docker search [镜像名称]
例：查看dockerhub中nginx的镜像。
[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 4755 [OK] docker.io docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 880 [OK] docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 315 [OK] docker.io docker.io/million12/nginx-php Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS... 76 [OK] docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 63 [OK] docker.io docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx-php Framework container with nginx and PHP-FPM... 58 [OK] docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 20 [OK] docker.io docker.io/evild/alpine-nginx Minimalistic Docker image with Nginx 8 [OK] docker.io docker.io/gists/nginx Nginx on Alpine 8 [OK] docker.io docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx Framework container with nginx installed. 7 [OK] docker.io docker.io/webdevops/nginx Nginx container 7 [OK] docker.io docker.io/1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Te... 4 [OK] docker.io docker.io/drupaldocker/nginx NGINX for Drupal 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ixbox/nginx Nginx on Alpine Linux. 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/dock0/nginx Arch container running nginx 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/frekele/nginx docker run --rm --name nginx -p 80:80 -p 4... 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/servivum/nginx Nginx Docker Image with Useful Tools 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/xataz/nginx Light nginx image 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/yfix/nginx Yfix own build of the nginx-extras package 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/radial/nginx Spoke container for Nginx, a high performa... 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/tozd/nginx Dockerized nginx. 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/c4tech/nginx Several nginx images for web applications. 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/unblibraries/nginx Baseline non-PHP nginx container 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/watsco/nginx nginx:1.11-alpine 0 [OK]
3.1.2、下载
docker pull [镜像名称]
例：下载docker.io/centos/redis
docker pull docker.io/centos/redis Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/centos/redis ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/centos/redis 1d702521dae2: Downloading [=> ] 118.7 kB/5.587 MB 0de01b15a36f: Download complete 66479f7f733c: Download complete c7e83aba718a: Download complete dda623482619: Download complete dda623482619: Pulling fs layer
3.1.3 导出镜像
docker save -o [镜像包名] [镜像名称]
例：导出centos基础镜像为centos.tar
[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB <none> <none> 6ab373e100c9 5 days ago 181.4 MB oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB [root@docker ~]# docker save -o centos.tar docker.io/centos [root@docker ~]# ll -h centos.tar -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 195M Dec 1 20:54 centos.tar
3.1.4、导入镜像
docker load --input [镜像包名]
docker load <[镜像包名]
3.1.5 查看已有镜像
docker images
[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB
在列出的信息中，可以看到几个字段的信息
- 来自于那个仓库（REPOSITORY）
- 镜像标记（TAG）
- 它的ID号（唯一）
- 创建时间
- 镜像大小
3.1.6删除镜像
docker rni [镜像id]
例：删除一个镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB <none> <none> 6ab373e100c9 5 days ago 181.4 MB oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images [root@docker ~]# docker rmi 6ab373e100c9 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB
注：不能删除已有容器的镜像
例：删除一个已有容器的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 0584b3d2cf6d Failed to remove image (0584b3d2cf6d): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images
例：移除本地所有未打过标签的本地镜像
docker images可以列出本地所有的镜像，其中可能包含很多中间状态的来打过标签的镜像，大量占据着磁盘空间。
使用下面命令可以清理所有未打过标签的本地镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -q -f "danglingture")
3.1.7创建镜像
创建镜像为较为复杂点，在之后的文档中会详细介绍。
3.2容器
容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用，以及他们的运行环境。对应的虚拟机可以理解为模拟运行的一套操作系统（提供了运行环境和其他其系统环境）和跑在上面的应用。
3.2.1、启动容器
启动容器的方式
- 基于镜像新建一个容器并启动。
- 将终止状态的容器重新启动。
容器太轻量了，很多时候用户都是随时删除和新创建容器。
docker run [选项、参数] 镜像名称 [执行的命令]
注：如果不指定镜像名称会自动生成名称
例：输出一个hello world ，之后终止容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run docker.io/centos /bin/echo 'hello world' hello world 这跟直接在本地执行一个hello world 没有任何区别。 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 16 seconds ago Exited (0) 11 seconds ago gigantic_sinoussi 因为没有指定容器名称，所以他自己自动生成了gigantic_sinoussi
例：启动一个bash，允许用户交互，指定容器名称为mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker run -i -t --name mycentos docker.io/centos /bin/bash [root@c761cee8863f /]# -name:指定容器名称 -t：让docker分配一个伪终端 -i：让容器的标准输入打开（input）
接上例：在交互模户，模式下。用户可以通过所创建的终端来输入命令
[root@c761cee8863f /]# pwd / [root@c761cee8863f /]# ls anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
继续接上例：在可交互模式查看进程，本地信息
[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11752 1876 ? Ss 15:44 0:00 /bin/bash root 17 0.0 0.0 47424 1660 ? R+ 16:02 0:00 ps aux [root@c761cee8863f /]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1993 158 1121 8 713 1669 Swap: 475 0 475 [root@c761cee8863f /]# exit [root@docker ~]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1993 147 1140 8 706 1681 Swap: 475 0 475 容器不是一个虚拟机，他只是一个进程，pid为1的进程结束了，这个容器就挂了，他就是为了隔离这个进程而存在的。 docker的隔离性并不是很好，在物理机可以看到服务器的硬件信息，docker本身不能解决，但是可以用一些黑科技解决，当然如果自己用的话也可以不用解决这个问题。
docker run来创建容器时，docker在后台运行的标准操作包括：
- 检查本地是否存在 指定的镜像，不存在就从仓库下载。
- 利用镜像创建并启动一个镜像
- 分配一个文件系统，并在只读的镜像层外面挂载一层可读写层。
- 从宿主主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中去
- 从地址池配置一个ip地址给容器
- 执行用户指定的应用程序
- 执行完毕后容器被终止
3.2.2、启动已经终止的容器
docker start [容器名称|容器id]
例：启动mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 36 minutes ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 44 minutes ago gigantic_sinoussi [root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Up 3 seconds mycentos
注：有的人想在容器起来的时候在执行其他的东西。这是不推荐的因为docker的理念，不可变基础设施，不要修改容器（前面有讲解），再重新创建一个就可以了，已改动就可变了。
3.2.3、后台运行
更多的时候需要让Docker 在后台运行而不是直接执行命令的结果输出在当前宿主机下，此时，可以通过添加 -d 参数来实现。
例：如果不使用-d参数运行容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run centos echo hello world
hello world
容器会把输出结果打印到宿主机上
例：使用-d参数
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d centos echo hello world f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41 [root@docker ~]# docker logs f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41 hello world
这时候容器会在后台运行并不会把输出结果（STDOUT）打印到宿主机上面（输出结果可以用docker logs查看）
注:容器是否会长久运行，是和docker run指定的
3.2.3、进入镜像
3.2.3.1、attach
docker attach [镜像名称]
这个登录相当于单用户模式，只能有一个人登录。一般生产不推荐使用此法。
例：一方操作另一方会自动操作。
3.2.3.2、 nsenter
生产场景是不使用docker attach的，需要我们使用nsenter这个工具，这个工具包含在util-linux软件包里面。nsenter可以访问另一个进程的名字空间。nsenter要正常工作需要有root权限。
[root@docker ~]# yum install util-linux -y
一般情况下最小化安装里都已经安装完毕。
我们通过nsenter就可以进入容器，但是nsenter是通过容器第一个进程的pid进入容器里，所以我们需要知道容器的pid。我们可以通过docker inspect来获取到pid
利用docker inspect 获得PID号
[root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" mycentos 10656 [root@docker ~]# nsenter -t 10656 -m -u -i -n -p [root@c761cee8863f /]#
那个参数选项是简写全称的就是：
nsenter --traget $PID --mount --uts --ipc --net --pid
nsenter参数：
–mount参数是进去到mount namespace中–uts参数是进入到uts namespace中–ipc参数是进入到System V IPC namaspace中–net参数是进入到network namespace中–pid参数是进入到pid namespace中–user参数是进入到user namespace中
我们进入容器查看进程
[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11776 1664 ? Ss+ 22:06 0:00 /bin/bash root 14 0.0 0.0 13376 1988 ? S 22:12 0:00 -bash root 27 0.0 0.0 49024 1808 ? R+ 22:21 0:00 ps aux
其中/bin/bash 是我们开启容器运行的第一个进程
-bash 是nsenter 启动时生成的进程，这样我们退出后，容器不会退出，仍然会运行。
我们不能每次都要执行上面的命令，找到PID 在进入再次我们需要写一个脚本
cat cat docker_in.sh #!/bin/bash # Use nsenter to access docker docker_in(){ NAME_ID=$1 PID=$(docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" $NAME_ID) nsenter -t $PID -m -u -i -n -p } docker_in $1
执行结果
[root@docker ~]# chmod +x docker_in.sh [root@docker ~]# ./docker_in.sh mycentos [root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11776 1664 ? Ss+ 22:06 0:00 /bin/bash root 28 0.0 0.0 13376 1984 ? S 22:28 0:00 -bash root 41 0.0 0.0 49024 1812 ? R+ 22:28 0:00 ps aux
3.2.3.3、docker exec
docker exec 的本意不是为了进入容器，仅仅是为了在外面执行一个容器的操作。
docker exec [容器名称|id] 命令
例：在容器mycentos外执行命令whoami等
[root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos whoami root [root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11776 1664 ? Ss+ 22:06 0:00 /bin/bash root 46 0.0 0.0 47424 1660 ? Rs 22:34 0:00 ps aux
进入容器方法
docker exec -it [容器名称|id] /bin/bash
例：使用docker exec 进入容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 30 minutes mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mycentos /bin/bash [root@c761cee8863f /]# exit [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it c761cee8863f /bin/bash [root@c761cee8863f /]#
3.2.4、查看容器列表
docker ps
例:查看正在运行的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 32 minutes mycentos
例：查看所有容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES edfdd26e20da centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago kickass_heisenberg f6f8844f843b centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago reverent_yalow cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 3 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 3 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 4 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 33 minutes mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 6 hours ago Exited (0) 6 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi
例：只查所有镜像的id
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a -q
edfdd26e20da
f6f8844f843b
cd9cf2398630
cc93e8ced322
475cd09a2e6e
d580c6389d1e
b54ed375b3f1
a9864174cfb0
eb62a497f026
3e68d0c13bfd
4d6ae0f25206
a8770406b896
7ecb2ca7d612
6ddae878765f
c761cee8863f
ccfc03f90613
443da0721b41
查看所有运行容器的id只要去掉-a参数即可。
3.2.5、容器删除
可以使用docker rm 来删除一个出于终止状态的容器。
例：删除 reverent_yalow
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f6f8844f843b centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago reverent_yalow cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up 49 minutes mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi [root@docker ~]# docker rm reverent_yalow reverent_yalow [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up 49 minutes mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi
如果删除一个正在运行中的容器，可以添加-f 参数。Docker会发送SIGKLL信号给容器。
清理所有出于终止状态的容器，可以配合刚才我们展示的docker ps -a -q。用docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
例：删除所有终止状态的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi [root@docker ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) cd9cf2398630 cc93e8ced322 475cd09a2e6e d580c6389d1e b54ed375b3f1 a9864174cfb0 eb62a497f026 3e68d0c13bfd 4d6ae0f25206 a8770406b896 7ecb2ca7d612 6ddae878765f ccfc03f90613 443da0721b41 Failed to remove container (c761cee8863f): Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos
这里还有一个测试时好用的参数
docker run --rm [选项] [镜像名称] [命令]
使用 --rm参数在我们使用完这个容器，关闭就会自动删除，省时省力，当然如果还需要在测试，就重新启动一个容器，也符合docker不可变基础设施理念。
例：创建一个测试容器，退出后自动给删除
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker run --rm -it --name ceshi centos /bin/bash [root@e392d10516b0 /]# exit [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos
目前先分享到这里，因本人报名赵班长的架构师课程开班。容器和创建镜像在以后的文档中会再有更加详细的介绍。
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