linux替换yum源及配置本地源

 linux系统安装后自带的bash源由于在国外，安装软件包的时候会非常慢，最好替换一下yum源。

• ​关于yum源的简单介绍

​           yum的主要功能是更方便地添加，删除和更新rpmbao，它能自带解决包的依赖，（rpm包安装有很强的包的依赖性）yum可以同时配置多个源。

•  配置yum信息  

查看当前系统使用的源
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
repo id                                        repo name                                        status
base/7/x86_64                                  CentOS-7 - Base                                  9,591
extras/7/x86_64                                CentOS-7 - Extras                                  446
updates/7/x86_64                               CentOS-7 - Updates                               2,416
repolist: 12,453

　　由于bash源在国外，有时安装应用会很慢，需要进行yum的修改，国内有安全可靠的yum源如阿里，网易，163等。现在配置阿里的yum源。阿里的yuan源镜像地址为：https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror，首先下在该镜像站点中的yum，这里选择epel源。

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

　　安装epel源

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm 
warning: epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:epel-release-7-11                ################################# [100%]

　　此时看到epel源已经安装好了，如果我们不适用bash源，可以将bash源修改名称或者移走

mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

　　查看源

1 [root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
2 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
3 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
4  * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
5 repo id                       repo name                                                         status
6 epel/x86_64                   Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                    12,449
7 repolist: 12,449

此时已经配置好了epel源，接下来再添加本地源，当没有网络环境的时候可以使用本地源安装一些工具包。

在linux系统中光盘文件为/dev/sr0，通常将该文件挂载在指定目录。下面进行挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /media/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  9.8G  1.1G  8.2G  12% /
devtmpfs                 482M     0  482M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    493M     0  493M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    493M  6.8M  486M   2% /run
tmpfs                    493M     0  493M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                190M   94M   83M  54% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-data  7.6G   36M  7.2G   1% /data
tmpfs                     99M     0   99M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                 8.1G  8.1G     0 100% /media/cdrom

挂载上后需要到/etc/yum.repos.d/中修改CentOS-Media.repo中的信息，该源文件本地源配置文件，打开内容如下：

[c7-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/
        file:///media/cdrom/
        file:///media/cdrecorder/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

修改文件内容后如下：

[c7-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

再查看系统使用的源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
c7-media                                                                       | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): c7-media/group_gz                                                       | 156 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): c7-media/primary_db                                                     | 5.7 MB  00:00:00     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
repo id                       repo name                                                         status
c7-media                      CentOS-7 - Media                                                   9,591
epel/x86_64                   Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                    12,449
repolist: 22,040

最后将源创建缓存以提高加载速度

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecach
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
No such command: makecach. Please use /usr/bin/yum --help
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
c7-media                                                                       | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64/metalink                                                           | 5.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/5): c7-media/other_db                                                       | 2.5 MB  00:00:00     
(2/5): c7-media/filelists_db                                                   | 6.7 MB  00:00:00     
(3/5): epel/x86_64/prestodelta                                                 | 9.0 kB  00:00:00     
(4/5): epel/x86_64/filelists_db                                                |  10 MB  00:00:21     
(5/5): epel/x86_64/other_db                                                    | 3.0 MB  00:01:17     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
Metadata Cache Created

 

 

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如果设置开机自动挂载本地源，需要在/etc/fstab添加/dev/sr0 自动挂载

# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 28 22:59:47 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=0cceaf55-a63f-4f0c-97c7-305c848781bc /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/centos-data /data                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sr0                /media/cdrom            iso9660 defaults        0 0
光盘文件类型为 iso9660

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/anay/p/8666015.html