ios学习笔记——对象归档

对象归档是一种序列化方式。为了便于数据传输，先将归档对象序列化为一个文件，然后再通过反归档将数据恢复到对象中。

归档技术可以实现数据的持久化，不过在大量数据和频繁读写的情况下，它就不太适合了。

对一个对象进行归档的条件是：改对象的类必须实现NSCoding协议，而且每个成员对象应该是基本数据类型或都是实现NSCoding协议的某个类的实例。

 

一、使用NSKeyedArchiver进行简单归档

---

1     NSString * path = NSHomeDirectory();
2     NSString * filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sjz.txt"];
3     //归档，这里可以是NSString、NSDate、NSArray、NSDictionary等
4     [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:@"sjz" toFile:filePath];
5     
6     //反归档
7     NSString * str = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:filePath];

这种方式在写入、读出数据之前对数据惊醒序列化、反序列化操作，可以对基本类型数据进行归档。但是这样只能把一个对象归档进一个文件中。

 

二、多个数据的归档

---

 

当有多个数据的时候，我们就需要NSData的帮助了。

NSData封装了字典数据的缓存类，提供了数据文件的方法:

+ (instancetype)dataWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path

+ (instancetype)dataWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path  options:(NSDataReadingOptions)mask error:(NSError * _Nullable *)errorPtr

- (instancetype)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path

- (instancetype)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path options:(NSDataReadingOptions)mask error:(NSError * _Nullable *)errorPtr

上面四个方法用于从文件中读取数据创建NSData对象

 

- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)atomically

- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path options:(NSDataWritingOptions)mask error:(NSError * _Nullable *)errorPtr

这两个方法用于将NSData里的数据写的文件中去

 1 //文件路径
 2     NSString * path = NSHomeDirectory();
 3     NSString * filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sjz.txt"];
 4     
 5     NSString * str = @"小明";
 6     NSString * age = @"10";
 7     NSArray * arr = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"123", @"456", @"789", nil];
 8     NSInteger integer = 10;
 9     
10     //归档
11     NSMutableData * data = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
12     NSKeyedArchiver * archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
13     [archiver encodeObject:str forKey:@"name"];
14     [archiver encodeObject:age forKey:@"age"];
15     [archiver encodeObject:arr forKey:@"arr"];
16     [archiver encodeInteger:integer forKey:@"integer"];
17     [archiver finishEncoding];
18     [data writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];
19     
20     //反归档
21     NSMutableData * unData = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
22     NSKeyedUnarchiver * unArchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:unData];
23     NSString * name = [unArchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
24     NSString * ageStr = [unArchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"age"];
25     NSArray  * array = [unArchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"arr"];
26     NSInteger intt = [unArchiver decodeIntegerForKey:@"integer"];
27     [unArchiver finishDecoding];
28     
29     NSLog(@"name = %@, age = %@", name, ageStr);
30     NSLog(@"%@", array);
31     NSLog(@"%ld", intt);

归档时，我们先将所需的数据归档到NSData中，再将NSData数据写到文件中。

反归档时，我们先从文件中读取数据到NSData中，再根据键值烦归档

 

第三、自定义对象的归档

---

上边说的是基本对象的归档，但是我们自己定义的实例对象怎么归档呢？

但我们按Home键将程序后台运行时，很多情况下我们要将数据保存，当程序恢复时，数据重新加载，那么归档是一个好的选择。

我们自定义的类想要实现归档与反归档，必须实现NSCoding协议，并实现协议中的两个方法：- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder 和 - (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder

 

自定义类：

1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2 
3 @interface JZModel : NSObject <NSCoding>
4 
5 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSString * name;
6 @property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;
7 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSString * address;
8 
9 @end

 1 #import "JZModel.h"
 2 
 3 @implementation JZModel
 4 
 5 //必须实现，归档
 6 - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
 7 {
 8     [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"];
 9     [aCoder encodeInteger:_age forKey:@"age"];
10     [aCoder encodeObject:_address forKey:@"address"];
11 }
12 
13 //必须实现，反归档
14 - (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
15 {
16     self = [super init];
17     if(self){
18         _name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
19         _age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:@"age"];
20         _address = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"address"];
21     }
22     
23     return self;
24 }
25 
26 
27 - (NSString *)description
28 {
29     return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"姓名：%@，年龄：%ld，地址：%@", self.name, self.age, self.address];
30 }
31 
32 @end

 

实现归档与反归档的代码：

 1 NSString * homePath = NSHomeDirectory();
 2     NSString * filePath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sjz.plist"];
 3     
 4     JZModel * model = [[JZModel alloc] init];
 5     model.name = @"jz";
 6     model.age = 20;
 7     model.address = @"河北大街";
 8     
 9     //归档
10     NSMutableData * data = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
11     NSKeyedArchiver * archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
12     [archiver encodeObject:model forKey:@"model"];
13     [archiver finishEncoding];
14     [data writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];
15     
16     
17     //反归档
18     NSMutableData * data1 = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
19     NSKeyedUnarchiver * unArchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data1];
20     JZModel * model1 = [unArchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"model"];
21     [unArchiver finishDecoding];
22     
23     NSLog(@"%@", model1);

 

输出结果：

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sjzlovecj/p/4837671.html