关于ASP.Net Core Web及API身份认证的解决方案

https://www.cnblogs.com/ibeisha/p/jwt-webapi.html

 

.NetCore自发布以来，颇受关注，现在.Net Core2.0已经正式发布，边迫不及待的将.Net跨平台移植的工作进行到底。想来，也费不了多少事儿。我经常和同事们说，要敢于尝试新鲜事物，不阴损守旧，方能使自己不断进步，站在队伍的前列。下面就关于Asp.Net Core在Web 及API项目上身份认证的问题做下简单的阐述。

一、Asp.Net Core Web项目的登录认证

    在MVC Web项目中，做用户登录授权，是必不可少的工作，不知道大家平时是怎么做的，我想，大多朋友还是使用微软提供的一套认证机制，可以省去很多功夫。从WebForm时代的Form身份认证，无非是通过客户端Cookie中存储认证票据，在请求受保护的资源时，通过Cookie中携带的身份票据，再有Asp.net的认证模块，完整对请求者的身份认证。这一过程，是很清晰简单的了。在MVC中，大多是通过中间件（MiddleWare）来完整认证授权过程。在ASP.NETMVC中，我们了解到基于声明的授权认证（Claim），这种认证方式，好处在于，我们想在用户授权时，存储多个属性信息，只需要添加多个声明即可，我们在微软的认证中间件中，看到的都是定义好的常量，当然，我们可以定义自己的ClaimTypes。然我们看看微软在.NetCore中定义的一些声明吧：

　　　　// Summary:

        //     http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2009/09/identity/claims/actor.

        public  const  string  Actor =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2009/09/identity/claims/actor" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the postal code of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/postalcode.

        public  const  string  PostalCode =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/postalcode" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the primary group SID of an entity, http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/primarygroupsid.

        public  const  string  PrimaryGroupSid =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/primarygroupsid" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the primary SID of an entity, http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/primarysid.

        public  const  string  PrimarySid =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/primarysid" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the role of an entity, http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role.

        public  const  string  Role =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies an RSA key, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/rsa.

        public  const  string  Rsa =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/rsa" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies a serial number, http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/serialnumber.

        public  const  string  SerialNumber =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/serialnumber" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies a security identifier (SID), http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/sid.

        public  const  string  Sid =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/sid" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies a service principal name (SPN) claim, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/spn.

        public  const  string  Spn =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/spn" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the state or province in which an entity resides,

        //     http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/stateorprovince.

        public  const  string  StateOrProvince =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/stateorprovince" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the street address of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/streetaddress.

        public  const  string  StreetAddress =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/streetaddress" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the surname of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname.

        public  const  string  Surname =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that identifies the system entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/system.

        public  const  string  System =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/system" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies a thumbprint, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/thumbprint.

        //     A thumbprint is a globally unique SHA-1 hash of an X.509 certificate.

        public  const  string  Thumbprint =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/thumbprint" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies a user principal name (UPN), http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/upn.

        public  const  string  Upn =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/upn" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies a URI, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/uri.

        public  const  string  Uri =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/uri" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/userdata.

        public  const  string  UserData =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/userdata" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/version.

        public  const  string  Version =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/version" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the webpage of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/webpage.

        public  const  string  Webpage =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/webpage" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the Windows domain account name of an entity,

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsaccountname.

        public  const  string  WindowsAccountName =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsaccountname" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsdeviceclaim.

        public  const  string  WindowsDeviceClaim =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsdeviceclaim" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsdevicegroup.

        public  const  string  WindowsDeviceGroup =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsdevicegroup" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsfqbnversion.

        public  const  string  WindowsFqbnVersion =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsfqbnversion" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowssubauthority.

        public  const  string  WindowsSubAuthority =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowssubauthority" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the alternative phone number of an entity,

        //     http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/otherphone.

        public  const  string  OtherPhone =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/otherphone" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the name of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier.

        public  const  string  NameIdentifier =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the name of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name.

        public  const  string  Name =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the mobile phone number of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/mobilephone.

        public  const  string  MobilePhone =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/mobilephone" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the anonymous user; http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/anonymous.

        public  const  string  Anonymous =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/anonymous" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies details about whether an identity is authenticated,

        //     http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/authenticated.

        public  const  string  Authentication =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/authentication" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the instant at which an entity was authenticated;

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/authenticationinstant.

        public  const  string  AuthenticationInstant =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/authenticationinstant" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the method with which an entity was authenticated;

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/authenticationmethod.

        public  const  string  AuthenticationMethod =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/authenticationmethod" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies an authorization decision on an entity; http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/authorizationdecision.

        public  const  string  AuthorizationDecision =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/authorizationdecision" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the cookie path; http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/cookiepath.

        public  const  string  CookiePath =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/cookiepath" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the country/region in which an entity resides,

        //     http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/country.

        public  const  string  Country =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/country" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the date of birth of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/dateofbirth.

        public  const  string  DateOfBirth =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/dateofbirth" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the deny-only primary group SID on an entity;

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/denyonlyprimarygroupsid.

        //     A deny-only SID denies the specified entity to a securable object.

        public  const  string  DenyOnlyPrimaryGroupSid =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/denyonlyprimarygroupsid" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the deny-only primary SID on an entity; http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/denyonlyprimarysid.

        //     A deny-only SID denies the specified entity to a securable object.

        public  const  string  DenyOnlyPrimarySid =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/denyonlyprimarysid" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies a deny-only security identifier (SID) for

        //     an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/denyonlysid.

        //     A deny-only SID denies the specified entity to a securable object.

        public  const  string  DenyOnlySid =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/denyonlysid" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsuserclaim.

        public  const  string  WindowsUserClaim =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsuserclaim" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/denyonlywindowsdevicegroup.

        public  const  string  DenyOnlyWindowsDeviceGroup =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/denyonlywindowsdevicegroup" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/dsa.

        public  const  string  Dsa =  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/dsa" ;

        //

        // Summary:

        //     The URI for a claim that specifies the email address of an entity, http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/email.

        public  const  string  Email =  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress" ;

那么我们在Asp.Net Core项目中的认证，也是比较简单的。也是通过HttpContext的扩展方法SignInAsync，来传入声明的身份信息。要使用的微软的认证组件，我们在.Net Core Web项目中，做如下改动：

首先，在Start.cs类中，添加服务，具体代码如下：

 

/// <summary>

///

/// </summary>

/// <param name="services"></param>

public  void  ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

{

     services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)

     .AddCookie(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, o =>

     {

         o.Cookie.Name =  "_AdminTicketCookie" ;

         o.LoginPath =  new  PathString( "/Account/Login" );

         o.LogoutPath =  new  PathString( "/Account/Login" );

         o.AccessDeniedPath =  new  PathString( "/Error/Forbidden" );

     });

     services.AddTransient<TiKu.Application.Interfaces.IAdminService, TiKu.Application.AdminService>();

     services.AddMvc();

}

　　  其次，添加认证中间件

/// <summary>

/// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="app"></param>

/// <param name="env"></param>

public  void  Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)

{

 

     if  (env.IsDevelopment())

     {

         app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

     }

     else

     {

         app.UseExceptionHandler( "/Home/Error" );

     }

     app.UseStaticFiles();

     app.UseAuthentication(); //添加认证中间件

     app.UseMvc(routes =>

     {

         routes.MapRoute(

             name:  "default" ,

             template:  "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}" );

     });

     

}

　　最后，在用户登录的地方，登录成功后，调用HttpContext的SignIn方法，将授权信息写入Cookie，示例代码如下：

 

/// <summary>

/// <![CDATA[登陆]]>

/// </summary>

/// <param name="model"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[HttpPost]

[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]

public  async Task<ActionResult> Login(Models.LoginViewModel model)

{

     try

     {

         //模型验证通过后

         if  (ModelState.IsValid)

         {

             model.password = TiKu.Common.Security.MD5.Md5(model.password); //MD5加密

             TiKu.Domain.Entity.tb_Admin admin = await _AdminService.CheckAccountAndPassword(account: model.account, password: model.password);

             //验证用户名密码

             if  (admin !=  null )

             {

                 var  identity =  new  ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme); //一定要声明AuthenticationScheme

                 identity.AddClaim( new  Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, admin.Account));

                 identity.AddClaim( new  Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, admin.Id.ToString()));

 

                 await HttpContext.SignInAsync(identity.AuthenticationType,

                                               new  ClaimsPrincipal(identity),

                                               new  AuthenticationProperties

                                               {

                                                   IsPersistent = model.isPersistent,

                                                   RedirectUri =  "/Home/Index" ,

                                                   ExpiresUtc =  new  System.DateTimeOffset(dateTime: DateTime.Now.AddHours(6)),

                                               });

                 //更新登陆时间

                 await _AdminService.UpdateLastLoginTime(id: admin.Id);

             }

             else

             {

                 await HttpContext.ChallengeAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

                 ModelState.AddModelError( "" ,  "用户名或密码错误！" );

             }

         }

     }

     catch  (Exception ex)

     {

         ModelState.AddModelError( "" ,  "用户名或密码错误！" );

         _Logger.Error( "用户登录时发生错误！" , ex);

     }

     return  View(model);

}

　　这样就完成了Asp.net core web项目的登录认证工作。

二、Asp.Net Core WebApi基于JWT的认证授权

      关于JWT的工作原理，大家可以自行了解（https://jwt.io/）。JWT实现了服务端无状态，在分布式服务，会话一致性，单点登录等方面，凸显优势，不占用服务端资源。使用JWT需要注意的是，令牌过期后刷新，以及更改密码后令牌未过期的处理问题。

这里，我以JWT作为.net core webapi项目的认证方式。

首先，我再Api项目中新建了一个名为OAuthController的控制器，定义一个Action名为Token的方法，用来让客户端获取令牌之用，具体代码如下：

/// <summary>

/// <![CDATA[获取访问令牌]]>

/// </summary>

/// <param name="user"></param>

/// <param name="password"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

[HttpPost]

public  async Task<TiKu.Domain.ValueObject.RestfulData<TiKu.Domain.ValueObject.AccessTokenObj>> Token( string  user,  string  password)

{

     var  result =  new  TiKu.Domain.ValueObject.RestfulData<TiKu.Domain.ValueObject.AccessTokenObj>();

     try

     {

         if  ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(user))  throw  new  ArgumentNullException( "user" ,  "用户名不能为空！" );

         if  ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(password))  throw  new  ArgumentNullException( "password" ,  "密码不能为空！" );

 

         //验证用户名和密码

         var  userInfo = await _UserService.CheckUserAndPassword(mobile: user, password: password);

         var  claims =  new  Claim[]

         {

             new  Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,user),

             new  Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,userInfo.Id.ToString()),

         };

 

         var  key =  new  SymmetricSecurityKey(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration[ "JwtSecurityKey" ]));

         var  expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(28); //

         var  token =  new  JwtSecurityToken(

                     issuer: Configuration[ "issuer" ],

                     audience: Configuration[ "audience" ],

                     claims: claims,

                     notBefore: DateTime.Now,

                     expires: expires,

                     signingCredentials:  new  SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256));

 

         //生成Token

         string  jwtToken =  new  JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);

         result.code = 1;

         result.data =  new  Domain.ValueObject.AccessTokenObj() { AccessToken = jwtToken, Expires = TiKu.Common.Utility.Util.ToUnixTime(expires) };

         result.message =  "授权成功！" ;

         return  result;

     }

     catch  (Exception ex)

     {

         result.message = ex.Message;

         result.code = 0;

         logger.Error( "获取访问令牌时发生错误！" , ex);

         return  result;

     }

}

　　这里，我定义了一个统一返回数据格式的模型-RestfulData,其中有不返回数据data的RestfulData和带data数据的RestfulData<T>，以及返回集合类型的RestfulArray<T>，具体代码如下：

 

/// <summary>

   ///

   /// </summary>

   public  class  RestfulData

   {

       /// <summary>

       /// <![CDATA[错误码]]>

       /// </summary>

       public  int  code {  get ;  set ; }

 

       /// <summary>

       ///<![CDATA[消息]]>

       /// </summary>

       public  string  message {  get ;  set ; }

 

       /// <summary>

       /// <![CDATA[相关的链接帮助地址]]>

       /// </summary>

       public  string  url {  get ;  set ; }

 

   }

 

   /// <summary>

   ///

   /// </summary>

   /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>

   public  class  RestfulData<T> : RestfulData

   {

       /// <summary>

       /// <![CDATA[数据]]>

       /// </summary>

       public  virtual  T data {  get ;  set ; }

   }

 

   /// <summary>

   /// <![CDATA[返回数组]]>

   /// </summary>

   /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>

   public  class  RestfulArray<T> : ResultData<IEnumerable<T>>

   {

 

   }

　　

配置JWT认证服务，在Start.cs启动类中，配置如下：

/// <summary>

         ///

         /// </summary>

         /// <param name="services"></param>

         public  IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

         {

             services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(Configuration);

             services.AddMemoryCache(); //添加基于内存的缓存支持

             services.AddAutofac();

 

             //配置授权

             services.AddAuthentication(options =>

             {

                 options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme =  "JwtBearer" ;

                 options.DefaultChallengeScheme =  "JwtBearer" ;

 

             }).AddJwtBearer( "JwtBearer" ,

             (jwtBearerOptions) =>

             {

                 jwtBearerOptions.TokenValidationParameters =  new  TokenValidationParameters

                 {

                     ValidateIssuerSigningKey =  true ,

                     IssuerSigningKey =  new  SymmetricSecurityKey(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration[ "JwtSecurityKey" ])), //秘钥

                     ValidateIssuer =  true ,

                     ValidIssuer = Configuration[ "issuer" ],

                     ValidateAudience =  true ,

                     ValidAudience = Configuration[ "audience" ],

                     ValidateLifetime =  true ,

                     ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)

                 };

             });

 

             services.AddMvc();

 

             //IOC Autofac

             var  builder =  new  ContainerBuilder();

             builder.Populate(services);

 

             //注册应用服务

             var  assemblyApplicationService = System.Reflection.Assembly.Load( "TiKu.Application" );

             builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assemblyApplicationService).AsImplementedInterfaces();

 

             var  container = builder.Build();

             Container = container;

 

             return  new  AutofacServiceProvider(container);

         }

　　上面使用了IOC容器Autofac。

其次，配置认证中间件:

/// <summary>

///

/// </summary>

/// <param name="app"></param>

/// <param name="env"></param>

public  void  Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)

{

     if  (env.IsDevelopment())

     {

         app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

     }

     app.UseAuthentication(); //配置授权

     //处理异常

     app.UseStatusCodePages( new  StatusCodePagesOptions()

     {

         HandleAsync = (context) =>

         {

             if  (context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode == 401)

             {

                 using  (System.IO.StreamWriter sw =  new  System.IO.StreamWriter(context.HttpContext.Response.Body))

                 {

                     sw.Write(Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject( new

                     {

                         status = 401,

                         message =  "access denied!" ,

                     }));

                 }

             }

             return  System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Delay(0);

         }

     });

     app.UseMvc(routes =>

     {

         routes.MapRoute(name:  "default" , template:  "api/{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}" );

         routes.MapRoute(name:  "mvc" , template:  "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}" );

     });

}　　

为了测试，我们给ValuesController控制器添加Authorize特性。

/// <summary>

  ///

  /// </summary>

  [Authorize]

  [Route( "api/[controller]" )]

  public  class  ValuesController : Controller

  {

 

      // GET api/values

      [HttpGet]

      public  IEnumerable< string > Get()

      {

          return  new  string [] {  "value1" ,  "value2"  };

      }

}<em id= "__mceDel"  style= " font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" >　</em>

最后，让我们测试下API的授权，这里，我以Ajax模拟API的调用：

<script type= "text/javascript" >

     //获取令牌

     $.post( "/oauth/token" , $.param({ user:  "lichaoqiang" , password:  "fdsfds"  })).done( function  (data) {

 

         if  (data.code === 1) {

             localStorage.setItem( "token" , data.data.accessToken);

         }

     });

 

     //设置HTTP头

     $.ajaxSetup({

         beforeSend:  function  (xhr) {

             if  (localStorage.getItem( "token" ) !==  null ) {

                 xhr.setRequestHeader( 'Authorization' ,  'Bearer '  + localStorage.getItem( "token" ));

             }

         }

     });

 

     $.getJSON( "/api/values" ,  function  (data) { console.log(data); }); //获取受保护的资源

</script>

　　看下效果，直接访问/api/values，会出现如下图：

    当客户请求受保护的资源时，通过HTTP header携带上token。这里需要注意的是，请求头必须是Authorization，值是Bearer空格加上token。这样访问资源时，通过HTTP header携带令牌信息，服务端，通过认证中间件，完成授权认证过程。在上面的示例中，通过向全局Ajax注册事件，将token写入请求Header。、

至此，就完成了JWT认证授权的过程，.Net Core WebAPI配置起来也很简单。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/frank0812/p/11156535.html