HTML5中类jQuery选择器querySelector的高级使用 document.querySelectorAll.bind(document);

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-28 15:04:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-28 15:04:49 发布

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文章标签： javascript 数据结构与算法 ViewUI

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/surfaces/p/5169774.html

版权

基本用法

querySelector

该方法返回满足条件的单个元素。按照深度优先和先序遍历的原则使用参数提供的CSS选择器在DOM进行查找，返回第一个满足条件的元素。 ----> querySelector得到一个DOM

var element = document.querySelector('#container');//返回id为container的dom
var element = document.querySelector('div#container');//返回id为container的首个div
var element = document.querySelector('.foo,.bar');//返回带有foo或者bar样式类的首个元素

querySelectorAll

该方法返回所有满足条件的元素，结果是个nodeList集合。查找规则与前面所述一样。 ----> querySelectorAll 得到一个伪数组 DOM

var elements = document.querySelectorAll('div.foo');//返回所有带foo类样式的d<div id="box">   //surface blog

querySelectorAll支持属性操作这个用也比较多

<div id="box" >
      <ul>
        <li   data-href='http://www.qq.com'>tagname 111</li>
        <li class="surfaces">这是clase  222</li>
        <li class="surfaces">这是class 333</li>
        <li class="surfaces"  data-href='http://www.baidu.com'>这是class 444</li>
     </ul>
        
</div>

document.getElementById("box").addEventListener("click",function(){
	var  attr=document.querySelectorAll('[data-href]');
		 console.log(attr);
},!1);

移动端 getElementById(id), querySelector 和querySelectorAll 已经能够满足大部分dom操作需求了；

高级用法

先附上相关 html http://www.cnblogs.com/surfaces/

<div id="box">
      <ul>
        <li >tagname 111</li>
        <li class="surfaces">这是clase  222</li>
        <li class="surfaces">这是class 333</li>
        <li class="surfaces">这是class 444</li>
     </ul>
        
</div>

先看看 querySelector的高级应用

var query = document.querySelector.bind(document); //单个的

var query_id=query('#box');    //dom id
var query_class=query('.surfaces');   // dom class
var query_tagname=query('li')    //dom 标签

获取看到这里，你会怀疑这都可以，我们跑一下代码看看结果

console.log('query'+query_id.innerHTML);  //  
console.log('query'+query_class.innerHTML);  第一个  222
console.log('query'+query_tagname.innerHTML);  第一个  222

query_id.addEventListener('click',function(){	
	console.log('click_query_id'+this.innerHTML);  //'click surfaces 2222
}); 
query_class.addEventListener('click',function(){
	var e=e||window.event;	
	console.log('click_query_class'+this.innerHTML);  //'click surfaces 2222
	e.stopPropagation();
}); 

query_tagname.addEventListener('click',function(e){	
   var e=e||window.event;
	console.log('click_query_tagname'+this.innerHTML);  //'click surfaces 2222
	e.stopPropagation();
});

上张图看看控制台的结果

然后我们再看看 queryAelectorAll的高级用法

　var $=queryAll = document.querySelectorAll.bind(document); //集合个人感觉最犀利 surfaces

var $id=$('#box');    //id
var $class=$('.lione');  //class
var $tagname=$('li');   //tagName

跑一下这段代码看看

var $id=$('#box');    //id
var $class=$('.surfaces');  //class
var $tagname=$('li');   //tagName
 
console.log('queryAll'+$id[0].innerHTML);
console.log('queryAll'+$class[0].innerHTML); //222
console.log('queryAll'+$tagname[0].innerHTML);//111

$id[0].addEventListener('click',function(){	
	console.log('click_queryAll'+this.innerHTML);  //'click surfaces 2222
});

$class[0].addEventListener('click',function(e){	
	console.log('click_$class'+this.innerHTML);  //'click surfaces 2222
	e.stopPropagation();
});

$tagname[0].addEventListener('click',function(e){	
	console.log('click_$tagname'+this.innerHTML);  //'click surfaces 2222
	e.stopPropagation();
});

　　看看控制台的结果

根据上面的用法我们可以看看这种 C 写法

var fromId = document.getElementById.bind(document);
var fromClass = document.getElementsByClassName.bind(document);
var fromTag = document.getElementsByTagName.bind(document);

var fromId_box=fromId('box');   
var fromClass_surfaces=fromClass('surfaces');  
var fromTag_li=fromTag('li');  

console.log('fromId'+fromId_box.innerHTML);
console.log('fromClass'+fromClass_surfaces[0].innerHTML); //222
console.log('fromTag'+fromTag_li[0].innerHTML);//111

上面 C 写法没啥大问题，C 写法不推荐；还不如以下的老老实实的，性能又好；

var doc=document;
var box=doc.getElementById("box");
var li=box.getElementsByTagName("li");
var surfaces=box.getElementsByClassName("surfaces");

另外；我们梳理下基于 querySelectorAll的事件绑定，从 Array.prototype中剽窃了 forEach 方法来完成遍历

Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll('.surfaces'), function(el){
    el.addEventListener('click', someFunction);
});

//通过 bind()  遍历DOM节点的函数。。
var unboundForEach = Array.prototype.forEach,
    forEach = Function.prototype.call.bind(unboundForEach);
 
forEach(document.querySelectorAll('.surfaces'), function (el) {
    el.addEventListener('click', someFunction);
});

http://www.cnblogs.com/surfaces/

关于bind()的用法， bind()与call(),apply()用法类似，都是改变当前的this指针。这里简单阐述做个示例；

document.getElementById("box").addEventListener("click",function(){
	var self=this;  //缓存 this 对象
	setTimeout(function(){
		self.style.borderColor='red';
		},500)
	},false);


document.getElementById("box").addEventListener("click",function(){
	setTimeout(function(){
     this.style.borderColor='red';
    }.bind(this), 500); //通过bind 传入 this 
},false);

另外一种事件绑定方法，不在阐述；

//以下是Andrew Lunny已经想出来的一些东西： https://remysharp.com/2013/04/19/i-know-jquery-now-what#backToTheFutureToday-heading

var $ = document.querySelectorAll.bind(document);
Element.prototype.on = Element.prototype.addEventListener;

$('#somelink')[0].on('touchstart', handleTouch);

我们根据这个结合bind 一起使用

//我们将绑定事件在 完善一下
Element.prototype.on = Element.prototype.addEventListener;

queryAll('#box')[0].on('click',function(){  //on 类似 jquery
//document.getElementById("box").on("click",function(){  
	setTimeout(function(){
     this.style.borderColor='blue';
	 console.log('on事件 边框变蓝色');
    }.bind(this), 500); //通过bind 传入 this 
	
});

关于bind兼容性扩展；

Function.prototype.bind = Function.prototype.bind || function (target) {
  var self = this;
  return function (args) {
     if (!(args instanceof Array)) {
      args = [args];
     }
    self.apply(target, args);
  }
};

bind扩展阅读：一起Polyfill系列：Function.prototype.bind的四个阶段

总结一下：移动端dom操作，其实只要 getElementById(id), querySelector 和querySelectorAll 已经能够满足大部分的需求了；

document.querySelectorAll.bind(document);

document.querySelector.bind(document);

缺点：

并不适合那些相对复杂或者表单多的单页；也不适合简单项目的主页；如果多人协作，不利于维护；

上面的始终绑定的document，有时候不一定从document查找；没有content上下文；如document.querySelector("#box").querySelector('.surfaces'); 限定范围在id为box下的class surfaces；

看看 Remy Sharp 封装的min.js ;值得学习思考这种思想；或许你觉得不好，一般般，或者不适合项目啊之类的；这边不是重点；重点是你就是想不到可以这样写，重点是看别人怎样写的，为什么可以这样写，优点是什么；

/*globals Node:true, NodeList:true*/
$ = (function (document, window, $) {
  // Node covers all elements, but also the document objects
  var node = Node.prototype,
      nodeList = NodeList.prototype,
      forEach = 'forEach',
      trigger = 'trigger',
      each = [][forEach],
      // note: createElement requires a string in Firefox
      dummy = document.createElement('i');

  nodeList[forEach] = each;

  // we have to explicitly add a window.on as it's not included
  // in the Node object.
  window.on = node.on = function (event, fn) {
    this.addEventListener(event, fn, false);

    // allow for chaining
    return this;
  };

  nodeList.on = function (event, fn) {
    this[forEach](function (el) {
      el.on(event, fn);
    });
    return this;
  };

  // we save a few bytes (but none really in compression)
  // by using [trigger] - really it's for consistency in the
  // source code.
  window[trigger] = node[trigger] = function (type, data) {
    // construct an HTML event. This could have
    // been a real custom event
    var event = document.createEvent('HTMLEvents');
    event.initEvent(type, true, true);
    event.data = data || {};
    event.eventName = type;
    event.target = this;
    this.dispatchEvent(event);
    return this;
  };

  nodeList[trigger] = function (event) {
    this[forEach](function (el) {
      el[trigger](event);
    });
    return this;
  };

  $ = function (s) {
    // querySelectorAll requires a string with a length
    // otherwise it throws an exception
    var r = document.querySelectorAll(s || '☺'),
        length = r.length;
    // if we have a single element, just return that.
    // if there's no matched elements, return a nodeList to chain from
    // else return the NodeList collection from qSA
    return length == 1 ? r[0] : r;
  };

  // $.on and $.trigger allow for pub/sub type global
  // custom events.
  $.on = node.on.bind(dummy);
  $[trigger] = node[trigger].bind(dummy);

  return $;
})(document, this);

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/surfaces/p/5169774.html