Hibernate二次学习二----------session.flush、session.doWork

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1. session

Hibernate是对JDBC的轻量级封装,将JDBC的Connection封装到了Session中,因此Hibernate对数据库的操作大多都是通过session实现的。

2. session.flush

在获取Session对象时,Hibernate默认关闭了自动提交事务。
Hibernate执行SQL时,会将所有SQL存入Session的缓存中,提交事务时,再在数据库中执行SQL
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session;
private Transaction transaction;
    
@Test
public void testSaveStudent() {
        
    // 生成学生对象
    Student s = new Student(3, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");
    session.save(s);
        
}

Before
public void init() {
        
    // 创建会话工厂对象
    sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
    // 创建会话对象
    session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    // 开始事务
    transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        
}
    
@After
public void destory () {
        
    // 提交事务
    transaction.commit();
    // 关闭会话
    session.close();
    // 关闭会话工厂
    sessionFactory.close();
        
}
若不开启事务或开启事务不提交,则SQL语句就不能在数据库中执行,此时可以通过session.flush()方法,强制将缓存中的SQL语句刷新到数据库
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session;
    
/**
 * 不开启事务,数据无法保存到数据库
 */
@Test
public void testSaveStudentNoTransaction() {
    
    // 生成学生对象
    Student s = new Student(5, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");
    session.save(s);
    
}

/**
 * 不开启事务,使用session.flush()强制同步数据到数据库
 */
@Test
public void testSaveStudentByflush() {
    
    // 生成学生对象
    Student s = new Student(5, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");
    session.save(s);
    session.flush();// 当不使用事务时,需使用flush方法,强制提交
    
}

/**
 * 开启事务,但不使用commit提交,而是使用session.flush()强制提交
 */
@Test
public void testSaveStudentTransaction() {
    
    // 开启事务
    session.beginTransaction();
    // 生成学生对象
    Student s = new Student(6, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");
    session.save(s);
    session.flush();// 不提交事务时,直接使用flush方法,也可强制提交
    
}

Before
public void init() {
        
    // 创建会话工厂对象
    sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
    // 创建会话对象
    session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        
}
    
@After
public void destory () {
        
    // 关闭会话
    session.close();
    // 关闭会话工厂
    sessionFactory.close();
        
}

3. session.doWork

Hibernate使用面向对象的思想来进行数据库操作,推荐使用的也是封装的HQL语句,但有时项目需要进行jdbc操作,此时可以使用session.doWork(),在匿名内部类中获取Connection,进行jdbc操作。
/**
 * 使用session.doWork()实现jdbc操作
 */
@Test
public void testSessionDowork() {
    
    final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    
    session.doWork(new Work() { // 使用dowork方法进行jdbc操作
        
        @Override
        public void execute(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
            
            String sql = "select sname from student";
            PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
            try {
                while (rs.next()) {
                    String name = rs.getString(1);
                    list.add(name);
                }
            } finally {
                if (rs != null) {
                    rs.close();
                }
                if (ps != null) {
                    ps.close();
                } 
                // 此时connection被session管理,不能手动关闭
                /*if (connection != null) {
                    connection.close();
                }*/
            }
            
        }
    });
    
    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
        System.out.println(list.get(i));
    }
    
}

Before
public void init() {
        
    // 创建会话工厂对象
    sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
    // 创建会话对象
    session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        
}
    
@After
public void destory () {
        
    // 关闭会话
    session.close();
    // 关闭会话工厂
    sessionFactory.close();
        
}

4. 完整代码

pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.imooc</groupId>
    <artifactId>Hibernate_001</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Hibernate -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.22</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.6.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    
</project>
Student.java
package com.imooc.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class Student {
    
    private int sid; // 学号
    private String sname; // 姓名
    private String gender; // 性别
    private Date birthday; // 出生日期
    private String address; // 地址
    
    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int sid, String sname, String gender, Date birthday, String address) {
        this.sid = sid;
        this.sname = sname;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public int getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(int sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + ", gender=" 
                + gender + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address + "]";
    }
    
}
student.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>

    <class name="com.imooc.hibernate.model.Student">
        <id name="sid" type="int">
            <column name="SID"/>
            <generator class="assigned"/> <!-- 主键生成策略 -->
        </id>
        <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="SNAME"/>
        </property>
        <property name="gender" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="GENDER"></column>
        </property>
        <property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date">
            <column name="BIRTHDAY"/>
        </property>
        <property name="address" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="ADDRESS"></column>
        </property>
    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" 
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>
        <!-- 数据库连接名 -->
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接密码 -->
        <property name="connection.password">20121221</property>
        <!-- 数据库驱动 -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接url -->
        <property name="connection.url">
            jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
        </property>
        
        <!-- 方言 -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
        <!-- 展示SQL -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 格式化SQL -->
        <property name="format_sql">false</property>
        <!-- 建表策略 -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        
        <!-- 指定映射文件 -->
        <mapping resource="hbm/student.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>
StudentTest.java
package com.imooc.hibernate.test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.imooc.hibernate.model.Student;
import com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement;

public class StudentTest {
    
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private Session session;
    
    /**
     * 不开启事务,数据无法保存到数据库
     */
    @Test
    public void testSaveStudentNoTransaction() {
        
        // 生成学生对象
        Student s = new Student(5, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");
        session.save(s);
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 不开启事务,使用session.flush()强制同步数据到数据库
     */
    @Test
    public void testSaveStudentByflush() {
        
        // 生成学生对象
        Student s = new Student(5, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");
        session.save(s);
        session.flush();// 当不使用事务时,需使用flush方法,强制提交
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 开启事务,但不使用commit提交,而是使用session.flush()强制提交
     */
    @Test
    public void testSaveStudentTransaction() {
        
        // 开启事务
        session.beginTransaction();
        // 生成学生对象
        Student s = new Student(6, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");
        session.save(s);
        session.flush();// 不提交事务时,直接使用flush方法,也可强制提交
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 使用session.doWork()实现jdbc操作
     */
    @Test
    public void testSessionDowork() {
        
        final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        
        session.doWork(new Work() { // 使用dowork方法进行jdbc操作
            
            @Override
            public void execute(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
                
                String sql = "select sname from student";
                PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
                try {
                    while (rs.next()) {
                        String name = rs.getString(1);
                        list.add(name);
                    }
                } finally {
                    if (rs != null) {
                        rs.close();
                    }
                    if (ps != null) {
                        ps.close();
                    } 
                    // 此时connection被session管理,不能手动关闭
                    /*if (connection != null) {
                        connection.close();
                    }*/
                }
                
            }
        });
        
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            System.out.println(list.get(i));
        }
        
    }
    
    @Before
    public void init() {
        
        // 创建会话工厂对象
        sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
        // 创建会话对象
        session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        
    }
    
    @After
    public void destory () {
        
        // 关闭会话
        session.close();
        // 关闭会话工厂
        sessionFactory.close();
        
    }
    
}

5. 总结

使用Hibernate时,若需使用jdbc进行操作,则使用session.doWork()
若需提前提交session缓存中的SQL,则使用session.flush()
eg:
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
        Student s = new Student(...);
        session.save(s);
        if (i % 20 == 0) { // 防止session内存溢出
            session.flush();
            session.clear();
        }
    }
    tx.commit();
    session.close();

参考:Hibernate初探之单表映射

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiyese153/p/7976360.html

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