matlab limit.,Limits - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks 中国

Limits

The fundamental idea in calculus is to make calculations on

functions as a variable “gets close to” or approaches

a certain value. Recall that the definition of the derivative is given

by a limit

f'(x)=limh→0f(x+h)−f(x)h,

provided this limit exists. Symbolic Math Toolbox™ software

enables you to calculate the limits of functions directly. The commands

syms h n x

limit((cos(x+h) - cos(x))/h, h, 0)

which return

ans =

-sin(x)

and

limit((1 + x/n)^n, n, inf)

which returns

ans =

exp(x)

illustrate two of the most important limits in mathematics:

the derivative (in this case of cos(x))

and the exponential function.One-Sided Limits

You can also calculate one-sided limits with Symbolic Math Toolbox software. For example, you can calculate the limit of

x/|x|, whose graph is shown in the following

figure, as x approaches 0 from the left or from the right.

syms x

fplot(x/abs(x), [-1 1], 'ShowPoles', 'off')

To calculate the limit as x approaches 0 from the left,

limx→0−x|x|,

enter

syms x

limit(x/abs(x), x, 0, 'left')

ans =

-1

To calculate the limit as x approaches 0 from the right,

limx→0+x|x|=1,

enter

syms x

limit(x/abs(x), x, 0, 'right')

ans =

1

Since the limit from the left does not equal the limit from

the right, the two- sided limit does not exist. In the case of undefined

limits, MATLAB® returns NaN (not a number).

For example,

syms x

limit(x/abs(x), x, 0)

returns

ans =

NaN

Observe that the default case, limit(f) is the same as

limit(f,x,0). Explore the options for the limit command

in this table, where f is a function of the symbolic object

x.

Mathematical OperationMATLAB Commandlimx→0f(x)limit(f)

limx→af(x)limit(f, x, a) or

limit(f, a)

limx→a−f(x)limit(f, x, a, 'left')

limx→a+f(x)limit(f, x, a, 'right')