享元模式

一、完成者信息：

姓名：王智超

学号：07770120

 

二、模式信息

模式名称：享元模式

生活场景：考虑生产汽车的场景：一个品牌有各种型号的汽车，每种型号的汽车有相同的参数（如型号，长，宽，高），也有不同的参数（如颜色，马力） ，就可以把相同的参数拿出来共享。

终极目标：实现适应于扩充到对各种汽车和各种型号进行建模的情形。

 

1.不假思索的思路：通过给属性赋值的方法来做：没一辆车都有自己的所有的参数的属性。

类结构图：

 

　　代码浏览：

代码实现：

public class Car {
private String name;
private double width;
private double height;
private double length;
private String color;
private int power;

public Car(String name, double width, double height, double length, String color,int power) {
this.name = name;
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.length = length;
this.color = color;
this.power = power;
}
public void Produce() {
System.out.println("名称：" + name);
System.out.println("颜色：" + color);
System.out.println("马力：" + power);
System.out.println("宽度：" + width);
System.out.println("高度：" + height);
System.out.println("长度：" + length);
}
}

客户端调用：

public class BJSS {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Car BMWX5One = new Car("宝马X5",1.77,1.45,4.63,"银色",226);
BMWX5One.Produce();
Car BMWX5Two = new Car("宝马X5",1.77,1.45,4.63,"香槟色",238);
BMWX5Two.Produce();
}
}

　　存在问题：

　　1.重复代码会很多，相同的型号汽车有一部分参数是相同的；

　　2.类的结构过于复杂，难于维护；

　　3.最致命的一点是效率太差。生产大量汽车会创建大量的含有冗余数值的对象。

 

　　2.归纳阶段

　　当前目标：实现相同型号汽车的相同参数的提取，共享

　　思路：通过将数值不变的参数提取出来放在一个公共类中，再将须改变的参数放在另一个类中 ，公共类进行共享使用。

　　类结构图：

　　  

　　代码浏览：

代码实现：

public interface Flyweight {
public double getHeight();

public double getWidth();

public double getLength();
}

import java.util.HashMap;

public class FlyweightFactory {
private HashMap < String, Flyweight > hashMap;
static FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();

private FlyweightFactory() {
hashMap = new HashMap < String, Flyweight > ();
}

public static FlyweightFactory getFactory() {
return factory;
}

public synchronized Flyweight getFlyweight(String key) {
if (hashMap.containsKey(key))
return hashMap. get (key);
else {
double width = 0 , height = 0 , length = 0 ;
String[] str = key.split( " # " );
width = Double.parseDouble(str[ 0 ]);
height = Double.parseDouble(str[ 1 ]);
length = Double.parseDouble(str[ 2 ]);
Flyweight ft = new ConcreteFlyweight(width, height, length);
hashMap.put(key, ft);
return ft;
}
}

class ConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight { // ConcreteFlyweight是内部类
private double width;
private double height;
private double length;

private ConcreteFlyweight( double width, double height, double length) {
this .width = width;
this .height = height;
this .length = length;
}

public double getHeight() {
return height;
}

public double getWidth() {
return width;
}

public double getLength() {
return length;
}
}
}

public class Car {
Flyweight flyweight;
String name, color;
int power;

Car(Flyweight flyweight, String name, String color, int power) {
this .flyweight = flyweight;
this .name = name;
this .color = color;
this .power = power;
}

public void print() {
System. out .println( " 名称： " + name);
System. out .println( " 颜色： " + color);
System. out .println( " 马力： " + power);
System. out .println( " 宽度： " + flyweight.getWidth());
System. out .println( " 高度： " + flyweight.getHeight());
System. out .println( " 长度： " + flyweight.getLength());
}
}

客户端调用：

public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FlyweightFactory factory = FlyweightFactory.getFactory();
double width = 1.82 , height = 1.47 , length = 5.12 ;
String key = "" + width + " # " + height + " # " + length;
Flyweight flyweight = factory.getFlyweight(key);
Car BMWX6One = new Car(flyweight, " 宝马X6 " , " 黑色 " , 228 );
Car BMWX6Two = new Car(flyweight, " 宝马X6 " , " 白色 " , 260 );
BMWX6One.print();
BMWX6Two.print();
}
}

 

　　设计体会：

　　1．享元模式可以节省内存的开销，特别适合处理大量多属性的对象，这些对象的很多属性值是相同的。

　　2．享元模式可以只读取外部数据而不去影响内部共享的属性的数值，可以让共享类在不同的地方被调用。

　　3.验证阶段：

　　当前目标：添加一种汽车的共享属性

　　类结构图：

　　

　　代码浏览：

代码实现：

public interface Flyweight {
public double getHeight();

public double getWidth();

public double getLength();

public String getStyle();
}

import java.util.HashMap;

public class FlyweightFactory {
private HashMap < String, Flyweight > hashMap;
static FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();

private FlyweightFactory() {
hashMap = new HashMap < String, Flyweight > ();
}

public static FlyweightFactory getFactory() {
return factory;
}

public synchronized Flyweight getFlyweight(String key) {
if (hashMap.containsKey(key))
return hashMap. get (key);
else {
double width = 0 , height = 0 , length = 0 ;
String style = "" ;
String[] str = key.split( " # " );
width = Double.parseDouble(str[ 0 ]);
height = Double.parseDouble(str[ 1 ]);
length = Double.parseDouble(str[ 2 ]);
style = str[ 3 ];
Flyweight ft = new ConcreteFlyweight(width, height, length, style);
hashMap.put(key, ft);
return ft;
}
}

class ConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {
private double width;
private double height;
private double length;
private String style;

private ConcreteFlyweight( double width, double height, double length, String style) {
this .width = width;
this .height = height;
this .length = length;
this .style = style;
}

public double getHeight() {
return height;
}

public double getWidth() {
return width;
}

public double getLength() {
return length;
}

public String getStyle(){
return style;
}
}
}

public class Car {
Flyweight flyweight;
String name, color;
int power;

Car(Flyweight flyweight, String name, String color, int power) {
this .flyweight = flyweight;
this .name = name;
this .color = color;
this .power = power;
}

public void print() {
System. out .println( " 名称： " + name);
System. out .println( " 颜色： " + color);
System. out .println( " 马力： " + power);
System. out .println( " 宽度： " + flyweight.getWidth());
System. out .println( " 高度： " + flyweight.getHeight());
System. out .println( " 长度： " + flyweight.getLength());
System. out .println( " 外形： " + flyweight.getStyle());
}
}

客户端调用：

public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FlyweightFactory factory = FlyweightFactory.getFactory();
double width = 1.82 , height = 1.47 , length = 5.12 ;
String style = " SUV " ;
String key = "" + width + " # " + height + " # " + length + " # " + style;
Flyweight flyweight = factory.getFlyweight(key);
Car BMWX6One = new Car(flyweight, " 宝马X6 " , " 黑色 " , 228 );
Car BMWX6Two = new Car(flyweight, " 宝马X6 " , " 白色 " , 260 );
BMWX6One.print();
BMWX6Two.print();
}
}

 

　　验证结论：享元模式可以随时添加需要共享的属性，并且不需要非常大的改动代码。

　　

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/tjcjxy/archive/2010/12/15/1906913.html