以一个例子来说明。比如要把代码中的close调用,替换成abcclose。写了一个脚本,有了一些收获。脚本如下:
#
!/
bin
/
bash
case " $# " in
0 )
echo " Usage: ./grepclose.sh <path> "
exit ;;
1 )
echo " Got path: $1, start working... " ;;
* )
echo " Too many arguments. Usage: ./grepclose.sh <path> "
exit ;;
esac
for srcfile in $(find " $1 " - name " *.[hc] " )
do
grep - E - e " [ =({;?:\t]+close[ \t]*\( " - e " ^close[ \t]*\( " " $srcfile " >& / dev / null
if [ $ ? - eq 0 ]; then
echo " Patching file $srcfile "
cp " $srcfile " " ${srcfile}.fdorig "
sed - i " s/^close[ \t]*(/abcclose(/g " " $srcfile "
sed - i - r " s@([ =({;?:\t]+)close[ \t]*\(@\1abcclose\(@g " " $srcfile "
fi
done
case " $# " in
0 )
echo " Usage: ./grepclose.sh <path> "
exit ;;
1 )
echo " Got path: $1, start working... " ;;
* )
echo " Too many arguments. Usage: ./grepclose.sh <path> "
exit ;;
esac
for srcfile in $(find " $1 " - name " *.[hc] " )
do
grep - E - e " [ =({;?:\t]+close[ \t]*\( " - e " ^close[ \t]*\( " " $srcfile " >& / dev / null
if [ $ ? - eq 0 ]; then
echo " Patching file $srcfile "
cp " $srcfile " " ${srcfile}.fdorig "
sed - i " s/^close[ \t]*(/abcclose(/g " " $srcfile "
sed - i - r " s@([ =({;?:\t]+)close[ \t]*\(@\1abcclose\(@g " " $srcfile "
fi
done
1. 使用grep -E来打开grep的扩展正则表达式的功能。所谓扩展,就是像+, ()这样的元字符才能使用。sed使用-r来打开扩展正则表达式。打开了扩展之后,如果要表示一个常量的+, (),就需要用\来转义了。
2. grep -e可以用来表示多个匹配pattern
3. 最后一句sed的时候,使用了正则表达式中的分组功能,也就是将[ =({;?:\t]+这个部分定义成一个组,然后在后面就可以用\1来引用(注意\0已经被默认分配成整个pattern)。如果定义了第二个组,那么就用\2来引用。这个很有用,因为在替换的时候,我们不能把close前面的字符删除,所以要保留close前面匹配到的字符,于是分组就特别好用了。
4. 上述的匹配逻辑是这样的:首先,close顶行头写的,OK;其次,close前面允许有一个或多个空格,等号,小括号,大括号,分号,问号,冒号,tab。其他字符一概不行;最后,close字符串后面允许有0个或者多个空格或tab,然后要有一个小括号。