源代码:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Topic(models.Model):
'''用户学习主题'''
text=models.CharField(max_length=200)
date_added=models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
'''返回模型的字符串表示'''
return self.text
class Entry(models.Model):
'''学到的有某个主题的具体知识'''
#django 2.0后在django2.0后,定义外键和一对一关系的时候需要加on_delete选项,此参数为了避免两个表里的数据不一致问题,不然会报错
topic=models.ForeignKey(Topic)
text=models.TextField()
data_added=models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural='entries'
def __str__(self):
"""返回模型的字符串表示"""
return self.text[:50]+"..."
错误:
(venv) D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1>python manage.py makemigrations mysite
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 357, in execute
django.setup()
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\venv\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 112, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\venv\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 673, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 665, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\mysite\models.py", line 13, in <module>
class Entry(models.Model):
File "D:\software\pythonWork\pythonWeb1\mysite\models.py", line 15, in Entry
topic=models.ForeignKey(Topic)
TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'on_delete'
解决方法:
修改为如下:
topic=models.ForeignKey(Topic,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
问题原因:
- 在django2.0后,定义外键和一对一关系的时候需要加on_delete选项,此参数为了避免两个表里的数据不一致问题,不然会报错:
- TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'on_delete'
- 举例说明:
- user=models.OneToOneField(User)
- owner=models.ForeignKey(UserProfile)
- 需要改成:
- user=models.OneToOneField(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE) --在老版本这个参数(models.CASCADE)是默认值
- owner=models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,on_delete=models.CASCADE) --在老版本这个参数(models.CASCADE)是默认值
- 参数说明:
- on_delete有CASCADE、PROTECT、SET_NULL、SET_DEFAULT、SET()五个可选择的值
- CASCADE:此值设置,是级联删除。
- PROTECT:此值设置,是会报完整性错误。
- SET_NULL:此值设置,会把外键设置为null,前提是允许为null。
- SET_DEFAULT:此值设置,会把设置为外键的默认值。
- SET():此值设置,会调用外面的值,可以是一个函数。
- 一般情况下使用CASCADE就可以了。