运用设计原则编写可测试性的代码

初入编程开发一两个项目后，渐渐发现自己编写的代码越往后越复杂，一个类承担太多的职责每次改动都需要先理清代码逻辑，还承担着很大风险。
接下来通过一个例子展示下这样编写可维护、可测试的代码。

需求

• 根据Category查询Product集合

• 对每次查询的结果加入缓存

  不好的代码

    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Category { get; set; }
        public decimal Price { get; set; }
    }

    public class ProductRepository
    {
        public IList<Product> GetAllProductsIn(int categoryId)
        {
            IList<Product> products = new List<Product>();
            // Database operation to populate products …
            return products;
        }
    }

    public class ProductService
    {
        private ProductRepository _productRepository;
        public ProductService()
        {
            _productRepository = new ProductRepository();
        }
        public IList<Product> GetAllProductsIn(int categoryId)
        {
            IList<Product> products;
            string storageKey = string.Format(“products_in_category_id_{ 0}”, categoryId);
            products = (List<Product>)HttpContext.Current.Cache.Get(storageKey);
            if (products == null)
            {
                products = _productRepository.GetAllProductsIn(categoryId);
                HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(storageKey, products);
            }
            return products;
        }
    }

这种编程所带来的问题

• ProductService依赖ProductRepository类，如果ProductRepository中API修改ProductService也必须修改
• 代码不单元测试，因ProductService依赖ProductRepository和存储HttpContext.Current.Cache

• 如果需要利用另外的方式缓存，需要修改ProductService中方法

  健壮的代码

• 依赖倒置原则，高层应依赖于抽象，不应依赖具体的底层。
• 依赖注入，依赖的对象在使用时注入对象，这样可以Mock类单元测试。

    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Category { get; set; }
        public decimal Price { get; set; }
    }

    public interface IProductRepository
    {
        IList<Product> GetAllProductsIn(string categoryName);
    }

    public interface ICacheStorage
    {
        void Remove(string key);
        void Store(string key, object data);
        T Retrieve<T>(string storageKey);
    }

    public class ProductService
    {
        private IProductRepository _productRepository;
        private ICacheStorage _cacheStorage;

        public ProductService(IProductRepository productResitory, ICacheStorage cacheStorage)
        {
            _productRepository = productResitory;
            _cacheStorage = cacheStorage;
        }

        public IList<Product> GetAllProductsIn(string categoryName)
        {
            IList<Product> products;

            string storageKey = string.Format("products_in_category_id_{0}", categoryName);

            products = _cacheStorage.Retrieve<IList<Product>>(storageKey);

            if (products == null)
            {
                products = _productRepository.GetAllProductsIn(categoryName);
                _cacheStorage.Store(storageKey, products);
            }

            return products;
        }
    }

具体的仓储项目

public class DataContext
    {
        private List<Product> _products;

        public DataContext()
        {
            _products = new List<Product>();
            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 1, Name = "BaseBall Cap", Price = 9.99m, Category = "Hats" });
            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 2, Name = "Flat Cap", Price = 5.99m, Category = "Gloves" });
            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 3, Name = "Top Hat", Price = 6.99m, Category = "Scarfs" });

            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 4, Name = "Mitten", Price = 10.99m, Category = "Hats" });
            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 5, Name = "Fingerless Glove", Price = 13.99m, Category = "Gloves" });
            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 6, Name = "Leather Glove", Price = 7.99m, Category = "Scarfs" });

            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 7, Name = "Silk Scarf", Price = 23.99m, Category = "Scarfs" });
            _products.Add(new Product { Id = 8, Name = "Woollen", Price = 14.99m, Category = "Hats" });
        }
        public List<Product> Products
        {
            get { return _products; }
        }
    }

    public class ProductRepository:IProductRepository
    {
        private DataContext _dataContext;

        public ProductRepository()
        {
            _dataContext = new DataContext();
        }

        public IList<Product> GetAllProductsIn(string categoryName)
        {
            var result = _dataContext.Products.FindAll(i=>i.Category == categoryName);
            return result;
        }
    }

单元测试

参考下篇博客 AutoFac依赖注入应用

下载

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/LoveTomato/p/9285321.html