PHP自动加载规范 PSR-0 和 PSR-4

1.PSR-0说明

• 一个标准的 命名空间(namespace) 与 类(class) 名称的定义必须符合以下结构： \<Vendor Name>\(<Namespace>\)*<Class Name>；
• 其中Vendor Name为每个命名空间都必须要有的一个顶级命名空间名；
• 需要的话，每个命名空间下可以拥有多个子命名空间；
• 当根据完整的命名空间名从文件系统中载入类文件时，每个命名空间之间的分隔符都会被转换成文件夹路径分隔符；
• 类名称中的每个 _ 字符也会被转换成文件夹路径分隔符，而命名空间中的 _ 字符则是无特殊含义的。
• 当从文件系统中载入标准的命名空间或类时，都将添加 .php 为目标文件后缀；
• 组织名称(Vendor Name)、命名空间(Namespace) 以及 类的名称(Class Name) 可由任意大小写字母组成。

2.PSR-0范例

• \Doctrine\Common\IsolatedClassLoader =>/path/to/project/lib/vendor/Doctrine/Common/IsolatedClassLoader.php
• \Symfony\Core\Request => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/Symfony/Core/Request.php

• \namespace\package\Class_Name => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/namespace/package/Class/Name.php
• \namespace\package_name\Class_Name =>/path/to/project/lib/vendor/namespace/package_name/Class/Name.php

3.PSR-0自动加载类

<?php
/*
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals
 * and is licensed under the MIT license. For more information, see
 * <http://www.doctrine-project.org>.
 */
 
/**
 * SplClassLoader implementation that implements the technical interoperability
 * standards for PHP 5.3 namespaces and class names.
 *
 * http://groups.google.com/group/php-standards/web/psr-0-final-proposal?pli=1
 *
 *     // Example which loads classes for the Doctrine Common package in the
 *     // Doctrine\Common namespace.
 *     $classLoader = new SplClassLoader('Doctrine\Common', '/path/to/doctrine');
 *     $classLoader->register();
 *
 * @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
 * @author Jonathan H. Wage <jonwage@gmail.com>
 * @author Roman S. Borschel <roman@code-factory.org>
 * @author Matthew Weier O'Phinney <matthew@zend.com>
 * @author Kris Wallsmith <kris.wallsmith@gmail.com>
 * @author Fabien Potencier <fabien.potencier@symfony-project.org>
 */
class SplClassLoader
{
    private $_fileExtension = '.php';
    private $_namespace;
    private $_includePath;
    private $_namespaceSeparator = '\\';
    /**
     * Creates a new <tt>SplClassLoader</tt> that loads classes of the
     * specified namespace.
     * 
     * @param string $ns The namespace to use.
     */
    public function __construct($ns = null, $includePath = null)
    {
        $this->_namespace = $ns;
        $this->_includePath = $includePath;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the namespace separator used by classes in the namespace of this class loader.
     * 
     * @param string $sep The separator to use.
     */
    public function setNamespaceSeparator($sep)
    {
        $this->_namespaceSeparator = $sep;
    }
    /**
     * Gets the namespace seperator used by classes in the namespace of this class loader.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function getNamespaceSeparator()
    {
        return $this->_namespaceSeparator;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the base include path for all class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     * 
     * @param string $includePath
     */
    public function setIncludePath($includePath)
    {
        $this->_includePath = $includePath;
    }
    /**
     * Gets the base include path for all class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     *
     * @return string $includePath
     */
    public function getIncludePath()
    {
        return $this->_includePath;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the file extension of class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     * 
     * @param string $fileExtension
     */
    public function setFileExtension($fileExtension)
    {
        $this->_fileExtension = $fileExtension;
    }
    /**
     * Gets the file extension of class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     *
     * @return string $fileExtension
     */
    public function getFileExtension()
    {
        return $this->_fileExtension;
    }
    /**
     * Installs this class loader on the SPL autoload stack.
     */
    public function register()
    {
        spl_autoload_register(array($this, 'loadClass'));
    }
    /**
     * Uninstalls this class loader from the SPL autoloader stack.
     */
    public function unregister()
    {
        spl_autoload_unregister(array($this, 'loadClass'));
    }
    /**
     * Loads the given class or interface.
     *
     * @param string $className The name of the class to load.
     * @return void
     */
    public function loadClass($className)
    {
        if (null === $this->_namespace || $this->_namespace.$this->_namespaceSeparator === substr($className, 0, strlen($this->_namespace.$this->_namespaceSeparator))) {
            $fileName = '';
            $namespace = '';
            if (false !== ($lastNsPos = strripos($className, $this->_namespaceSeparator))) {
                $namespace = substr($className, 0, $lastNsPos);
                $className = substr($className, $lastNsPos + 1);
                $fileName = str_replace($this->_namespaceSeparator, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $namespace) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
            }
            $fileName .= str_replace('_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $className) . $this->_fileExtension;
            require ($this->_includePath !== null ? $this->_includePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR : '') . $fileName;
        }
    }
}

 4.PSR-4与PSR-0的区别

（1）完整的类名中任意一部分中的下划线都是没有特殊含义的。

（2）所有类名都必须是大小写敏感的。

（3）自动加载器（autoloader）的实现一定不能抛出异常、一定不能触发任一级别的错误信息以及不应该有返回值。【在系统有多个自动加载时，不会影响其他的】

（4）完整的类名中，去掉最前面的命名空间分隔符，前面连续的一个或多个命名空间和子命名空间，作为“命名空间前缀”，其必须与至少一个“文件基目录”相对应

5.PSR-4范例

完整类名	命名空间前缀	文件基目录	文件路径
\Acme\Log\Writer\File_Writer	Acme\Log\Writer	./acme-log-writer/lib/	./acme-log-writer/lib/File_Writer.php
\Aura\Web\Response\Status	Aura\Web	/path/to/aura-web/src/	/path/to/aura-web/src/Response/Status.php
\Symfony\Core\Request	Symfony\Core	./vendor/Symfony/Core/	./vendor/Symfony/Core/Request.php
\Zend\Acl	Zend	/usr/includes/Zend/	/usr/includes/Zend/Acl.php

6.composer示例

{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-0": {
            "Foo": "src/",
        },
        "psr-4": {
            "Foo\\": "src/",
        }
    }
}

如果加载这个类时Foo\\Bar\\Baz 

PSR-0的查找路径是：src/Foo/Bar/Baz.php 即路径包含了命名空间部分

PSR-4的查找路径是：src/Bar/Baz.php 即路径不包含命名空间部分

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/luzhaofan/p/5473107.html