反向生成url
一.常规的url系统:
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, redirect
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("进入index")
def text(requext):
return HttpResponse("进入text")
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', index),
url(r'^text/', text),
]
执行过程如下图:
从这里我们知道常规的url是需要在地址栏中将访问的地址对应着urlpatterns中的地址吻合进行访问,所以当出现下面这种情况的话就对访问的友好度极低:
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^arya/', site.urls),
url(r'^index/asdas/asdas/da/asd/as', index),
url(r'^text/dasd/asd/asd/sad/asd/as/d', text),
]
二、反向生成url
1.reverse方法
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
test_url = reverse('xx')
print(test_url)
return HttpResponse("进入index")
def text(requext):
return HttpResponse("进入text")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index/', index,),
url(r'^text/dasd/asd/asd/sad/asd/as/d', text,name='xx'),
]
打印的结果:
/text/dasd/asd/asd/sad/asd/as/d
这个url就是text的url路径,所以通过给其定义一个name就可以反向生成一个其对应的url地址
2.带参数的url的反向生成:
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
test_url = reverse('xx',args=(2,9))
return redirect(test_url)
def text(requext,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse("进入text")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index/', index,),
url(r'^text/dasd/asd/(\d+)/sad/(\d+)/as/d', text,name='xx'),
]
这里需要注意的是当text中的url中需要传参所以对应的text视图函数中就需要*args,**kwargs接受参数
3.带命名的正则url
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
test_url = reverse('xx',kwargs={'a1':8,'a2':99})
return redirect(test_url)
def text(requext,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse("进入text")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index/', index,),
url(r'^text/dasd/asd/(?P<a1>\d+)/sad/(?P<a2>\d+)/as/d', text,name='xx'),
]
这里和常规带参数的唯一不同reverse方法中是传递一个kwargs的键值对的字典
4.前端显示反向url
- test_url = reverse('xx',kwargs={'a1':8,'a2':99})
渲染效果:
- test_url = reverse('xx',args=(2,9))
渲染效果:
反向生成url嵌套(namespance)
1.单层嵌套
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
test_url = reverse('x1:txt')
return HttpResponse("index")
def text(request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('text')
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^app01/', ([
url(r'^index/', index,name='idx'),
url(r'^test/', text,name='txt')
],'x1','x2'),),
]
上述的url中相当于嵌套了一层,且有namespance(x1,x2),所以对于这类的url的反向生成需要如下操作:
test_url = reverse('x1:txt')
2.多层嵌套
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
test_url = reverse('x1:txt')
return HttpResponse("index")
def text(request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('text')
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^app01/', ([
url(r'^userinfo/', (
[
url(r'^index/', index,name='idx'),
url(r'^test/', text,name='txt')
],None,None)),
] ,'x1','x2')),
]
这里双层嵌套的url,但是内层的namespance都是空所以它会往外层找,所
以反向生成的代码:
test_url = reverse('x1:txt')
同时当内层namespance有值时:
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# url(r'^arya/', site.urls),
url(r'^app01/', ([
url(r'^userinfo/', (
[
url(r'^index/', index,name='idx'),
url(r'^test/', text,name='txt')
],'x2','x2')),
] ,'x1','x1')),
]
反向生成url代码就是如下:
def index(request):
from django.urls import reverse
test_url = reverse('x1:x2:txt')
print(test_url)
return HttpResponse("index")
def text(request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('text')
所以通过上述的案例可以知道,不管url嵌套多少层,其反向生成url的规则是一样的,遵循的规则就是namespance从外层以冒号连接至最后一层。