C standard library contents

 

 

C Standard Library

Contents

• <assert.h> : Diagnostics
• <ctype.h> : Character Class Tests
• <errno.h> : Error Codes Reported by (Some) Library Functions
• <float.h> : Implementation-defined Floating-Point Limits
• <limits.h> : Implementation-defined Limits
• <locale.h> : Locale-specific Information
• <math.h> : Mathematical Functions
• <setjmp.h> : Non-local Jumps
• <signal.h> : Signals
• <stdarg.h> : Variable Argument Lists
• <stddef.h> : Definitions of General Use
• <stdio.h> : Input and Output
• <stdlib.h> : Utility functions
• <string.h> : String functions
• <time.h> : Time and Date functions

<assert.h>

void assert(int expression);

Macro used for internal error detection. (Ignored if NDEBUG is defined where <assert.h> is included.) If expression equals zero, message printed on stderr and abortcalled to terminate execution. Source filename and line number in message are from preprocessor macros __FILE__ and __LINE__.

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<ctype.h>

int isalnum(int c);

isalpha(c) or isdigit(c)

int isalpha(int c);

isupper(c) or islower(c)

int iscntrl(int c);

is control character. In ASCII, control characters are 0x00 (NUL) to 0x1F (US), and 0x7F (DEL)

int isdigit(int c);

is decimal digit

int isgraph(int c);

is printing character other than space

int islower(int c);

is lower-case letter

int isprint(int c);

is printing character (including space). In ASCII, printing characters are 0x20 (' ') to 0x7E ('~')

int ispunct(int c);

is printing character other than space, letter, digit

int isspace(int c);

is space, formfeed, newline, carriage return, tab, vertical tab

int isupper(int c);

is upper-case letter

int isxdigit(int c);

is hexadecimal digit

int tolower(int c);

return lower-case equivalent

int toupper(int c);

return upper-case equivalent

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<errno.h>

errno

object to which certain library functions assign specific positive values on error

EDOM

code used for domain errors

ERANGE

code used for range errors

Notes:

• other implementation-defined error values are permitted
• to determine the value (if any) assigned to errno by a library function, a program should assign zero to errno immediately prior to the function call

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<float.h>

FLT_RADIX

radix of floating-point representations

FLT_ROUNDS

floating-point rounding mode

Where the prefix "FLT" pertains to type float, "DBL" to type double, and "LDBL" to type long double:

FLT_DIG

DBL_DIG

LDBL_DIG

precision (in decimal digits)

FLT_EPSILON

DBL_EPSILON

LDBL_EPSILON

smallest number x such that 1.0 + x != 1.0

FLT_MANT_DIG

DBL_MANT_DIG

LDBL_MANT_DIG

number of digits, base FLT_RADIX, in mantissa

FLT_MAX

DBL_MAX

LDBL_MAX

maximum number

FLT_MAX_EXP

DBL_MAX_EXP

LDBL_MAX_EXP

largest positive integer exponent to which FLT_RADIX can be raised and remain representable

FLT_MIN

DBL_MIN

LDBL_MIN

minimum normalised number

FLT_MIN_EXP

DBL_MIN_EXP

LDBL_MIN_EXP

smallest negative integer exponent to which FLT_RADIX can be raised and remain representable

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<limits.h>

CHAR_BIT

number of bits in a char

CHAR_MAX

maximum value of type char

CHAR_MIN

minimum value of type char

SCHAR_MAX

maximum value of type signed char

SCHAR_MIN

minimum value of type signed char

UCHAR_MAX

maximum value of type unsigned char

SHRT_MAX

maximum value of type short

SHRT_MIN

minimum value of type short

USHRT_MAX

maximum value of type unsigned short

INT_MAX

maximum value of type int

INT_MIN

minimum value of type int

UINT_MAX

maximum value of type unsigned int

LONG_MAX

maximum value of type long

LONG_MIN

minimum value of type long

ULONG_MAX

maximum value of type unsigned long

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<locale.h>

struct lconv

Describes formatting of monetary and other numeric values:

char* decimal_point;

decimal point for non-monetary values

char* grouping;

sizes of digit groups for non-monetary values

char* thousands_sep;

separator for digit groups for non-monetary values (left of "decimal point")

char* currency_symbol;

currency symbol

char* int_curr_symbol;

international currency symbol

char* mon_decimal_point;

decimal point for monetary values

char* mon_grouping;

sizes of digit groups for monetary values

char* mon_thousands_sep;

separator for digit groups for monetary values (left of "decimal point")

char* negative_sign;

negative sign for monetary values

char* positive_sign;

positive sign for monetary values

char frac_digits;

number of digits to be displayed to right of "decimal point" for monetary values

char int_frac_digits;

number of digits to be displayed to right of "decimal point" for international monetary values

char n_cs_precedes;

whether currency symbol precedes (1) or follows (0) negative monetary values

char n_sep_by_space;

whether currency symbol is (1) or is not (0) separated by space from negative monetary values

char n_sign_posn;

format for negative monetary values:

0

parentheses surround quantity and currency symbol

1

sign precedes quantity and currency symbol

2

sign follows quantity and currency symbol

3

sign immediately precedes currency symbol

4

sign immediately follows currency symbol

char p_cs_precedes;

whether currency symbol precedes (1) or follows (0) positive monetary values

char p_sep_by_space;

whether currency symbol is (1) or is not (0) separated by space from non-negative monetary values

char p_sign_posn;

format for non-negative monetary values, with values as for n_sign_posn

Implementations may change field order and include additional fields. Standard C Library functions use only decimal_point.

struct lconv* localeconv(void);

returns pointer to formatting information for current locale

char* setlocale(int category, const char* locale);

Sets components of locale according to specified category and locale. Returns string describing new locale or null on error. (Implementations are permitted to define values of category additional to those describe here.)

LC_ALL

category argument for all categories

LC_NUMERIC

category for numeric formatting information

LC_MONETARY

category for monetary formatting information

LC_COLLATE

category for information affecting collating functions

LC_CTYPE

category for information affecting character class tests functions

LC_TIME

category for information affecting time conversions functions

NULL

null pointer constant

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<math.h>

On domain error, implementation-defined value returned and errno set to EDOM. On range error, errno set to ERANGE and return value is HUGE_VAL with correct sign for overflow, or zero for underflow. Angles are in radians.

HUGE_VAL

magnitude returned (with correct sign) on overflow error

double exp(double x);

exponential of x

double log(double x);

natural logarithm of x

double log10(double x);

base-10 logarithm of x

double pow(double x, double y);

x raised to power y

double sqrt(double x);

square root of x

double ceil(double x);

smallest integer not less than x

double floor(double x);

largest integer not greater than x

double fabs(double x);

absolute value of x

double ldexp(double x, int n);

x times 2 to the power n

double frexp(double x, int* exp);

if x non-zero, returns value, with absolute value in interval [1/2, 1), and assigns to *exp integer such that product of return value and 2 raised to the power *exp equals x; if x zero, both return value and *exp are zero

double modf(double x, double* ip);

returns fractional part and assigns to *ip integral part of x, both with same sign as x

double fmod(double x, double y);

if y non-zero, floating-point remainder of x/y, with same sign as x; if y zero, result is implementation-defined

double sin(double x);

sine of x

double cos(double x);

cosine of x

double tan(double x);

tangent of x

double asin(double x);

arc-sine of x

double acos(double x);

arc-cosine of x

double atan(double x);

arc-tangent of x

double atan2(double y, double x);

arc-tangent of y/x

double sinh(double x);

hyperbolic sine of x

double cosh(double x);

hyperbolic cosine of x

double tanh(double x);

hyperbolic tangent of x

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<setjmp.h>

jmp_buf

type of object holding context information

int setjmp(jmp_bufenv);

Saves context information in env and returns zero. Subsequent call to longjmp with same env returns non-zero.

void longjmp(jmp_bufenv, int val);

Restores context saved by most recent call to setjmp with specified env. Execution resumes as a second return from setjmp, with returned value val if specified value non-zero, or 1 otherwise.

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<signal.h>

SIGABRT

abnormal termination

SIGFPE

arithmetic error

SIGILL

invalid execution

SIGINT

(asynchronous) interactive attention

SIGSEGV

illegal storage access

SIGTERM

(asynchronous) termination request

SIG_DFL

specifies default signal handling

SIG_ERR

signal return value indicating error

SIG_IGN

specifies that signal should be ignored

void (*signal(int sig, void (*handler)(int)))(int);

Install handler for subsequent signal sig. If handler is SIG_DFL, implementation-defined default behaviour will be used; if SIG_IGN, signal will be ignored; otherwise function pointed to by handler will be invoked with argument sig. In the last case, handling is restored to default behaviour before handler is called. If handler returns, execution resumes where signal occurred. signal returns the previous handler or SIG_ERR on error. Initial state is implementation-defined. Implementations may may define signals additional to those listed here.

int raise(int sig);

Sends signal sig. Returns zero on success.

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<stdarg.h>

va_list

type of object holding context information

void va_start(va_listap, lastarg);

Initialisation macro which must be called once before any unnamed argument is accessed. Stores context information in ap. lastarg is the last named parameter of the function.

type va_arg(va_listap, type);

Yields value of the type (type) and value of the next unnamed argument.

void va_end(va_listap);

Termination macro which must be called once after argument processing and before exit from function.

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<stddef.h>

NULL

Null pointer constant.

offsetof(stype, m)

Offset (in bytes) of member m from start of structure type stype.

ptrdiff_t

Type for objects declared to store result of subtracting pointers.

size_t

Type for objects declared to store result of sizeof operator.

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<stdio.h>

BUFSIZ

Size of buffer used by setbuf.

EOF

Value used to indicate end-of-stream or to report an error.

FILENAME_MAX

Maximum length required for array of characters to hold a filename.

FOPEN_MAX

Maximum number of files which may be open simultaneously.

L_tmpnam

Number of characters required for temporary filename generated by

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/nickchan/archive/2011/08/19/3104542.html