前言
DBID是DataBase IDentifier的缩写，意思就是数据库的唯一标识符。这个DBID在数据文件头和控制文件都是存在的，可以用于标示数据文件的归属。 对于不同数据库来说，DBID应当不同，而db_name则可能是相同的。 在我们进行数据库恢复时，有时必须要知道DBID，下面分两种情况总结了查询DBID的方法。
1. 当数据库能够mount或open时：
(1) 从v$database查询获得：
select dbid,open_mode from v$database;
(2) rman登录时，显示出dbid；
(3) 从自动备份控制文件集的名字查询DBID;
(4) 通过oracle event来获取：
a.dump数据文件头：
[oracle@bond ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter system set events 'immediate trace name file_hdrs level 3';
System altered.
SQL> oradebug setmypid;
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name;
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bond/bond/trace/bond_ora_10759.trc
查看
bond_ora_10759.trc内容，以下是部分内容：
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bond/bond/trace/bond_ora_10759.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
System name: Linux
Node name: bond
Release: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Version: #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
Machine: x86_64
VM name: VMWare Version: 6
Instance name: bond
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 28
Unix process pid: 10759, image: oracle@bond (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2019-08-17 18:00:58.374
*** SESSION ID:(36.9) 2019-08-17 18:00:58.374
*** CLIENT ID:() 2019-08-17 18:00:58.374
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2019-08-17 18:00:58.374
*** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@bond (TNS V1-V3)) 2019-08-17 18:00:58.374
*** ACTION NAME:() 2019-08-17 18:00:58.374
DUMP OF DATA FILES: 5 files in database
DATA FILE #1:
name #7: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bond/system01.dbf
creation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=7 tail=7 dup=1
tablespace 0, index=1 krfil=1 prev_file=0
unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
Checkpoint cnt:103 scn: 0x0000.000fcb09 08/17/2019 17:55:17
Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 08/17/2019 17:50:52
Creation Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.00000007 08/24/2013 11:37:33
thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0)
enabled threads: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Offline scn: 0x0000.000e2005 prev_range: 0
Online Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.000e2006 11/22/2018 20:36:09
thread:1 rba:(0x1.2.0)
enabled threads: 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
enabled threads: 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Hot Backup end marker scn: 0x0000.00000000
aux_file is NOT DEFINED
Plugged readony: NO
Plugin scnscn: 0x0000.00000000
Plugin resetlogs scn/timescn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
Foreign creation scn/timescn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
Foreign checkpoint scn/timescn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
Online move state: 0
V10 STYLE FILE HEADER:
Compatibility Vsn = 186647552=0xb200400
Db ID=1328414007=0x4f2dfd37, Db Name='BOND'
Activation ID=0=0x0
Control Seq=1233=0x4d1, File size=96000=0x17700
标红部分即是DBID和DB_NAME;
b.dump控制文件头：
SQL> alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 1';
Session altered.
SQL> oradebug setmypid;
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name;
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bond/bond/trace/bond_ora_10849.trc
查看trace文件内容如下：
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bond/bond/trace/bond_ora_10849.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
System name: Linux
Node name: bond
Release: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Version: #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
Release: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Version: #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
Machine: x86_64
VM name: VMWare Version: 6
Instance name: bond
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 28
Unix process pid: 10849, image: oracle@bond (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
*** SESSION ID:(36.11) 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
VM name: VMWare Version: 6
Instance name: bond
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 28
Unix process pid: 10849, image: oracle@bond (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
*** SESSION ID:(36.11) 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
*** CLIENT ID:() 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
*** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@bond (TNS V1-V3)) 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
*** ACTION NAME:() 2019-08-17 18:11:07.910
DUMP OF CONTROL FILES, Seq # 1239 = 0x4d7
V10 STYLE FILE HEADER:
Compatibility Vsn = 186647552=0xb200400
Db ID=1328414007=0x4f2dfd37, Db Name='BOND'
Activation ID=0=0x0
Control Seq=1239=0x4d7, File size=594=0x252
File Number=0, Blksiz=16384, File Type=1 CONTROL
*** END OF DUMP ***
标红部分即为DBID和DB_NAME;
2.数据库无法mount时：
在这种情况下，数据库基本处于瘫痪状态，我们需要借用一些特殊方法：
(1) dump数据库的redo log：
拷贝一个redo log至能够正常运行的测试库中(假设路径是/oracle/redo01.log)，然后：
alter system dump logfile '/oracle/redo01.log';
执行上述命令后会生成相应的trace文件，具体的trace文件可通过如下查询：
select p.SPID from v$process p ,v$session s
where p.ADDR = s.PADDR
and s.SID in (select sid from v$mystat where rownum = 1);
然后在/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/dbmon/dbmon/trace找到相应的trace文件，即可查看dbid。
(2)
通过bbed,查看控制文件/数据文件/redo文件头即可查看：
[oracle@dbmon oracle]$ cat bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=/oracle/files.txt
mode=browse
[oracle@dbmon oracle]$ cat files.txt
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/system01.dbf 817889280
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/sysaux01.dbf 754974720
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/undotbs01.dbf 146800640
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/users01.dbf 5242880
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/dbmon01.dbf 7864320
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/newmon01.dbf 5242880
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/zhan01.dbf 5242880
8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/CDCPUB01.dbf 23592960
9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/cdcsuber01.dbf 5242880
10 /oracle/am.dbf 52428800
注意这里的大小必须是MB的整数倍，四舍五入
[oracle@dbmon oracle]$ bbed parfile=bbed.par (密码：blockedit)
[oracle@dbmon oracle]$ bbed parfile=bbed.par
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Thu Aug 15 10:20:29 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> show
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 0
DBA 0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)
FILENAME /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/system01.dbf
BIFILE bifile.bbd
LISTFILE /oracle/files.txt
BLOCKSIZE 8192
MODE Browse
EDIT Unrecoverable
IBASE Dec
OBASE Dec
WIDTH 80
COUNT 512
LOGFILE log.bbd
SPOOL No
BBED> info
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/system01.dbf 99840
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/sysaux01.dbf 92160
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/undotbs01.dbf 17920
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/users01.dbf 640
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/dbmon01.dbf 960
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/newmon01.dbf 640
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/zhan01.dbf 640
8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/CDCPUB01.dbf 2880
9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbmon/cdcsuber01.dbf 640
10 /oracle/am.dbf 6400
BBED> set file 10
FILE# 10
BBED> map /v
File: /oracle/am.dbf (10)
Block: 1 Dba:0x02800001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kcvfhrdb @96
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108
ub4 kcvfhrlc @112
struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes @116
ub4 kcvfhbti @124
struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes @128
ub2 kcvfhbth @136
ub2 kcvfhsta @138
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140
ub4 kcvfhrts @144
ub4 kcvfhccc @148
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
ub4 kcvfhbhz @312
struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes @316
sword kcvfhtsn @332
ub2 kcvfhtln @336
text kcvfhtnm[30] @338
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368
struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes @372
ub4 kcvfhrft @380
struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes @384
ub4 kcvfhbbc @392
ub4 kcvfhncb @396
ub4 kcvfhmcb @400
ub4 kcvfhlcb @404
ub4 kcvfhbcs @408
ub2 kcvfhofb @412
ub2 kcvfhnfb @414
ub4 kcvfhprc @416
struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420
struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428
ub4 kcvfhtrt @444
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> p kcvfhhdr
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kccfhswv @20 0x00000000
ub4 kccfhcvn @24 0x0b200000
ub4 kccfhdbi @28 0x5682b533
text kccfhdbn[0] @32 O
text kccfhdbn[1] @33 R
text kccfhdbn[2] @34 C
text kccfhdbn[3] @35 L
text kccfhdbn[4] @36
text kccfhdbn[5] @37
text kccfhdbn[6] @38
text kccfhdbn[7] @39
ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00080f97
ub4 kccfhfsz @44 0x00001900
s_blkz kccfhbsz @48 0x00
ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0012
ub2 kccfhtyp @54 0x0003
ub4 kccfhacid @56 0x00000000
ub4 kccfhcks @60 0x00000000
text kccfhtag[0] @64
text kccfhtag[1] @65
text kccfhtag[2] @66
text kccfhtag[3] @67
text kccfhtag[4] @68
text kccfhtag[5] @69
text kccfhtag[6] @70
text kccfhtag[7] @71
text kccfhtag[8] @72
text kccfhtag[9] @73
text kccfhtag[10] @74
text kccfhtag[11] @75
text kccfhtag[12] @76
text kccfhtag[13] @77
text kccfhtag[14] @78
text kccfhtag[15] @79
text kccfhtag[16] @80
text kccfhtag[17] @81
text kccfhtag[18] @82
text kccfhtag[19] @83
text kccfhtag[20] @84
text kccfhtag[21] @85
text kccfhtag[22] @86
text kccfhtag[23] @87
text kccfhtag[24] @88
text kccfhtag[25] @89
text kccfhtag[26] @90
text kccfhtag[27] @91
text kccfhtag[28] @92
text kccfhtag[29] @93
text kccfhtag[30] @94
text kccfhtag[31] @95
其中ub4 kccfhdbi @28 0x5682b533 这一行对应的即是dbid值，为16进制，转换成10进制：
select to_number('5682b533','XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX') from dual ; ---1451406643
同时上面也可看出db_name，这就是为啥db_name最大长度不能超过8位的原因了
text kccfhdbn[0] @32 O
text kccfhdbn[1] @33 R
text kccfhdbn[2] @34 C
text kccfhdbn[3] @35 L
text kccfhdbn[4] @36
text kccfhdbn[5] @37
text kccfhdbn[6] @38
text kccfhdbn[7] @39
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