linux 启动 参数,Linux安装和启动参数

There are many

others (usually documented in driver documentation), but

only the AMD64 specific ones are listed here.

Machine check

mce=off disable machine check

mce=bootlog Enable logging of machine checks left over from

booting.

Disabled by default on AMD because some BIOS leave bogus

ones.

If your BIOS doesn't do that it's a good idea to enable

though

to make sure you log even machine check events that result

in a reboot. On Intel systems it is enabled by default.

mce=nobootlog

Disable boot machine check logging.

mce=tolerancelevel (number)

0: always panic, 1: panic if deadlock possible,

2: try to avoid panic, 3: never panic or exit (for testing)

default is 1

Can be also set using sysfs which is preferable.

nomce (for compatibility with i386): same as mce=off

Everything else is in sysfs now.

APICs

apic Use IO-APIC. Default

noapic Don't use the IO-APIC.

disableapic Don't use the local APIC

nolapic Don't use the local APIC (alias for i386

compatibility)

pirq=... See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt

noapictimer Don't set up the APIC timer

no_timer_check Don't check the IO-APIC timer. This can work

around

problems with incorrect timer initialization on some boards.

apicmaintimer Run time keeping from the local APIC timer

instead

of using the PIT/HPET interrupt for this. This is useful

when the PIT/HPET interrupts are unreliable.

noapicmaintimer Don't do time keeping using the APIC timer.

Useful when this option was auto selected, but doesn't work.

apicpmtimer

Do APIC timer calibration using the pmtimer. Implies

apicmaintimer. Useful when your PIT timer is totally

broken.

disable_8254_timer / enable_8254_timer

Enable interrupt 0 timer routing over the 8254 in addition to

over

the IO-APIC. The kernel tries to set a sensible default.

Early Console

syntax: earlyprintk=vga

earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]

The early console is useful when the kernel crashes before

the

normal console is initialized. It is not enabled by

default because it has some cosmetic problems.

Append ,keep to not disable it when the real console takes

over.

Only vga or serial at a time, not both.

Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.

Interaction with the standard serial driver is not very good.

The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real console.

Timing

notsc

Don't use the CPU time stamp counter to read the wall time.

This can be used to work around timing problems on multiprocessor

systems

with not properly synchronized CPUs.

report_lost_ticks

Report when timer interrupts are lost because some code turned

off

interrupts for too long.

nmi_watchdog=NUMBER[,panic]

NUMBER can be:

0 don't use an NMI watchdog

1 use the IO-APIC timer for the NMI watchdog

2 use the local APIC for the NMI watchdog using a performance

counter. Note

This will use one performance counter and the local APIC's

performance

vector.

When panic is specified panic when an NMI watchdog timeout

occurs.

This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and need the

box

quickly up again.

nohpet

Don't use the HPET timer.

Idle loop

idle=poll

Don't do power saving in the idle loop using HLT, but poll for

rescheduling

event. This will make the CPUs eat a lot more power, but may be

useful

to get slightly better performance in multiprocessor benchmarks. It

also

makes some profiling using performance counters more

accurate.

Please note that on systems with MONITOR/MWAIT support (like Intel

EM64T

CPUs) this option has no performance advantage over the normal idle

loop.

It may also interact badly with hyperthreading.

Rebooting

reboot=b[ios] | t[riple] | k[bd] [, [w]arm | [c]old]

bios Use the CPU reboot vector for warm reset

warm Don't set the cold reboot flag

cold Set the cold reboot flag

triple Force a triple fault (init)

kbd Use the keyboard controller. cold reset (default)

Using warm reset will be much faster especially on big memory

systems because the BIOS will not go through the memory

check.

Disadvantage is that not all hardware will be completely

reinitialized

on reboot so there may be boot problems on some systems.

reboot=force

Don't stop other CPUs on reboot. This can make reboot more

reliable

in some cases.

Non Executable Mappings

noexec=on|off

on Enable(default)

off Disable

SMP

nosmp Only use a single CPU

maxcpus=NUMBER only use upto NUMBER CPUs

cpumask=MASK only use cpus with bits set in mask

additional_cpus=NUM Allow NUM more CPUs for hotplug

(defaults are specified by the BIOS, see

Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec)

NUMA

numa=off Only set up a single NUMA node spanning all memory.

numa=noacpi Don't parse the SRAT table for NUMA setup

numa=fake=X Fake X nodes and ignore NUMA setup of the actual

machine.

numa=hotadd=percent

Only allow hotadd memory to preallocate page structures upto

percent of already available memory.

numa=hotadd=0 will disable hotadd memory.

ACPI

acpi=off Don't enable ACPI

acpi=ht Use ACPI boot table parsing, but don't enable ACPI

interpreter

acpi=force Force ACPI on (currently not needed)

acpi=strict Disable out of spec ACPI workarounds.

acpi_sci={edge,level,high,low} Set up ACPI SCI interrupt.

acpi=noirq Don't route interrupts

PCI

pci=off Don't use PCI

pci=conf1 Use conf1 access.

pci=conf2 Use conf2 access.

pci=rom Assign ROMs.

pci=assign-busses Assign busses

pci=irqmask=MASK Set PCI interrupt mask to MASK

pci=lastbus=NUMBER Scan upto NUMBER busses, no matter what the

mptable says.

pci=noacpi Don't use ACPI to set up PCI interrupt routing.

IOMMU

iommu=[size][,noagp][,off][,force][,noforce][,leak][,memaper[=order]][,merge]

[,forcesac][,fullflush][,nomerge][,noaperture][,calgary]

size set size of iommu (in bytes)

noagp don't initialize the AGP driver and use full aperture.

off don't use the IOMMU

leak turn on simple iommu leak tracing (only when CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK

is on)

memaper[=order] allocate an own aperture over RAM with size

32MB^order.

noforce don't force IOMMU usage. Default.

force Force IOMMU.

merge Do SG merging. Implies force (experimental)

nomerge Don't do SG merging.

forcesac For SAC mode for masks <40bits (experimental)

fullflush Flush IOMMU on each allocation (default)

nofullflush Don't use IOMMU fullflush

allowed overwrite iommu off workarounds for specific

chipsets.

soft Use software bounce buffering (default for Intel

machines)

noaperture Don't touch the aperture for AGP.

allowdac Allow DMA >4GB

When off all DMA over >4GB is forced through an IOMMU or

bounce

buffering.

nodac Forbid DMA >4GB

panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows

calgary Use the Calgary IOMMU if it is available

swiotlb=pages[,force]

pages Prereserve that many 128K pages for the software IO bounce

buffering.

force Force all IO through the software TLB.

calgary=[64k,128k,256k,512k,1M,2M,4M,8M]

calgary=[translate_empty_slots]

calgary=[disable=]

64k,...,8M - Set the size of each PCI slot's translation

table

when using the Calgary IOMMU. This is the size of the

translation

table itself in main memory. The smallest table, 64k, covers an

IO

space of 32MB; the largest, 8MB table, can cover an IO space

of

4GB. Normally the kernel will make the right choice by

itself.

translate_empty_slots - Enable translation even on slots that

have

no devices attached to them, in case a device will be

hotplugged

in the future.

disable= - Disable translation on a given

PHB. For

example, the built-in graphics adapter resides on the first

bridge

(PCI bus number 0); if translation (isolation) is enabled on

this

bridge, X servers that access the hardware directly from user

space might stop working. Use this option if you have devices

that

are accessed from userspace directly on some PCI host bridge.

Debugging

oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the

process,

but there is a small probability of deadlocking the machine.

This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.

Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.

kstack=N Print that many words from the kernel stack in oops

dumps.

pagefaulttrace Dump all page faults. Only useful for extreme

debugging

and will create a lot of output.

call_trace=[old|both|newfallback|new]

old: use old inexact backtracer

new: use new exact dwarf2 unwinder

both: print entries from both

newfallback: use new unwinder but fall back to old if it gets

stuck (default)

call_trace=[old|both|newfallback|new]

old: use old inexact backtracer

new: use new exact dwarf2 unwinder

both: print entries from both

newfallback: use new unwinder but fall back to old if it gets

stuck (default)

Misc

noreplacement Don't replace instructions with more appropriate

ones

for the CPU. This may be useful on asymmetric MP systems

where some CPU have less capabilities than the

others.