无操作次数限制的 Undo/Redo 实现方案

一般的文档软件，图形设计工具，都会有Redo/Undo （即重做/撤消）功能，可是如何也在自己的应用程序当中实现这样的功能，而且是没有操作次数地Redo/Undo?
此时“软件设计模式”就显得很重要。
这里实现的Redo/Undo主要应用的“命令模式”与“备忘录模式”。
《C#设计模式》一书里讲到只用备忘录模式来实现，我看了之后觉得那种方法太烦琐了，我们可以利用

C#2.0的新特性来使之简化。
首先，如果要让我们的每一步操作都是可撤消、重做的，那么我们必须要将这些操作涉及的代码“封装

”到一个方法里去，以供以后调用。而且有撤消、重做，那么必须有两部分代码：
1.正向操作的代码 DoOperation
2.反向（撤消）的代码 UndoOperation.

然后，要实现无次数限制的撤消、重做，我们应该要用两个栈(Stack)来保存操作。

下面的UML 类图：


下面是实现代码：
1.ICommand.cs

     public   interface  ICommand
     {
        ActionHandler DoOperation { get;set;}
        ActionHandler UndoOperation { get;set;}

        void Do();
        void Undo();
    }

2. 操作委托:

public   delegate   void  ActionHandler();

3. Command.cs

     public   class  Command:ICommand 
     {
        private ActionHandler doOperation;

        private ActionHandler undoOperation;

        ICommand Members#region ICommand Members

        public ActionHandler DoOperation
        {
            get
            {
                return doOperation;
            }
            set
            {
                doOperation = value;
            }
        }

        public ActionHandler UndoOperation
        {
            get
            {
                return undoOperation;
            }
            set
            {
                undoOperation = value;
            }
        }

        public void Do()
        {
            doOperation();
        }

        public void Undo()
        {
            undoOperation();
        }

        #endregion
    }

4. CommandManager.cs

     public   static   class  CommandManager
     {
        private static Stack<ICommand> redoMementos;

        private static Stack<ICommand> undoMementos;

        static CommandManager()
        {
            redoMementos = new Stack<ICommand>();
            undoMementos = new Stack<ICommand>();
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 先清空Redo栈，将Command对象压入栈
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command">Command对象</param>
        public static void AddNewCommand(ICommand command)
        {
            redoMementos.Clear();
            undoMementos.Push(command);
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 从Redo栈中弹出一个Command对象，执行Do操作，并且将该Command对象压入Undo栈
        /// </summary>
        public static void Redo()
        {
            try
            {
                if (redoMementos.Count > 0)
                {
                    ICommand command = redoMementos.Pop();
                    if (command != null)
                    {
                        command.Do();
                        undoMementos.Push(command);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (InvalidOperationException invalidOperationException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(invalidOperationException.Message);
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 从Undo栈中弹出一个Command对象，执行Undo操作，并且将该Command对象压入Redo栈
        /// </summary>
        public static void Undo()
        {
            try
            {
                if (undoMementos.Count > 0)
                {
                    ICommand command = undoMementos.Pop();
                    if (command != null)
                    {
                        command.Undo();
                        redoMementos.Push(command);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (InvalidOperationException invalidOperationException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(invalidOperationException.Message);
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 清空Redo栈与Undo栈
        /// </summary>
        public static void ClearAll()
        {
            ClearRedoStack();
            ClearUndoStack();
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 清空Redo栈
        /// </summary>
        public static void ClearRedoStack()
        {
            redoMementos.Clear();
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 清空Undo栈
        /// </summary>
        public static void ClearUndoStack()
        {
            undoMementos.Clear();
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 当前在Redo栈中能重做的步骤数
        /// </summary>
        public static int RedoStepsCount
        {
            get
            {
                return redoMementos.Count;
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 当前在Undo栈中能撤消的步骤数
        /// </summary>
        public static int UndoStepsCount
        {
            get
            {
                return undoMementos.Count;
            }
        }
    }

5. Redo/Undo测试UI程序(Form), 在Form上添加三个Button控件：btnNew, btnRedo, btnUndo, 逻辑代

码如下：

     public  partial  class  Form1 : Form
     {
        private int x=10;
        private int y=10;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnNew_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            btnRedo.Enabled = false;
            Command command = new Command();
            Label label = new Label();
            Random r = new Random();
            label.Text = ((char)r.Next(65, 99)).ToString();
            label.Font = new Font("Arial", 16,FontStyle.Bold);
            label.AutoSize = true;
            label.Location = new Point(x, y);
            /**//*
             * 使用匿名委托，更加简单，而且匿名委托方法里还可以使用外部变量。
             */
            command.DoOperation = delegate()
            {
                //Do或者Redo操作会执行到的代码
                x += label.Width + 10;
                y += label.Height + 10;
                this.Controls.Add(label);
            };
            command.UndoOperation = delegate()
            {
                //Undo操作会执行到的代码
                x -= label.Width + 10;
                y -= label.Height + 10;
                this.Controls.Remove(label);
            };
            command.Do();//执行DoOperation相应代码
            CommandManager.AddNewCommand(command);
        }

        private void btnRedo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            btnUndo.Enabled = true;
            CommandManager.Redo();
            if (CommandManager.RedoStepsCount == 0)
            {
                btnRedo.Enabled = false;
            }
        }

        private void btnUndo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            btnRedo.Enabled = true;
            CommandManager.Undo();
            if (CommandManager.UndoStepsCount == 0)
            {
                btnUndo.Enabled = false;
            }
        }
    }

这是我第一次在Blog上写关于设计模式的心得体会，难免有写得不对之处，希望与大家多交流，多指正不当之处。。。。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/vivid-stanley/archive/2007/02/13/649824.html