title: Django学习笔记
subtitle: 1. Django逻辑关系
date: 2018-12-14 10:17:28
---
Django逻辑关系
本文档主要基于Django2.2官方文档,学习并记录Django框架主要逻辑关系。
1. 目录结果
- mysite/
- manage.py
- mysite/
- init.py
- settings.py
- urls.py
- wsgi.py
- polls/
- init.py
- admin.py
- apps.py
- migrations/
- init.py
- models.py
- tests.py
- urls.py
- views.py
2. 逻辑关系
(1) 第一个视图
应用视图 | 应用 URLconf | 根 URLconf | 示例 |
---|---|---|---|
polls/views.py | polls/urls.py | mysite/urls.py | 代码块1 |
代码块1
代码块1:
# polls/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello,word. You're at the polls index.")
# polls/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
]
# mysite/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import include
urlpatterns = [
path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
# 访问
http://localhost:8000/polls/
基本的请求和响应流程:
- Django 响应一个请求时,从 urlpatterns 的第一项开始,按顺序依次匹配列表中的项,直到找到匹配的项。
- URLconf 在处理请求时,不匹配GET 和 POST 参数或域名,而是尝试匹配//www.example.com/myapp/中的myapp/。
- Django 找到了一个匹配准则,用这个特定视图函数,传入一个HttpRequest对象作为第一个参数,被“捕获”的参数以关键字参数的形式传入。
(2) 第一个模型
- 我使用的是postgresql,并将postgresql安装在Centos 1804,,然后将pgAdmin 4 v4安装在自己的笔记本上。
应用模型 | 激活模型 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
polls/models.py | mysite/settings.py | 代码块2 |
代码块2
代码块1:
# polls/models.py
from django.db import models
class Question(models.Model):
question_test = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateField('date published')
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_test = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
# mysite/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'polls.apps.PollsConfig',
……
]
# 配置postgresql
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'HOST': 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx',
'PORT': '5432',
'USER':'xxx',
'PASSWORD': 'xxxxx',
'NAME': 'xxxxx',
}
}
基本的请求和响应流程:
- 在polls/models.py中创建新模型
- 在mysite/setting.py的类 INSTALLED_APPS中添加点式路径。
- python manage.py makemigrations polls。检测对模型文件的修改(在这种情况下,已经取得了新的),并且把修改的部分储存为一次 迁移。
(Django-yj3Phk1A) (Django) \beginmysite> python manage.py makemigrations polls
Migrations for 'polls':
polls\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model Question
- Create model Choice
(Django-yj3Phk1A) (Django) \beginmysite> python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Question
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_question" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "question_test" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "pub_dat
e" date NOT NULL);
--
-- Create model Choice
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "choice_test" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" inte
ger NOT NULL, "question_id" integer NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" ADD CONSTRAINT "polls_choice_question_id_c5b4b260_fk_polls_question_id" FOREIGN KEY (
"question_id") REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
CREATE INDEX "polls_choice_question_id_c5b4b260" ON "polls_choice" ("question_id");
COMMIT;
(Django-yj3Phk1A) (Django) \beginmysite> python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying polls.0001_initial... OK