https://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/1836575
在Java中,synchronized 是用来表示同步的,我们可以synchronized 来修饰一个方法。也可以synchronized 来修饰方法里面的一个语句块。
修饰实例方法:
Java代码
public synchronized void normalMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("normalMethod:" + i);
}
}
修饰类方法(static 方法):
Java代码
public static synchronized void staticMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println("staticMethod:" + i);
}
}
修饰方法里面语句块:
Java代码
public static void staticMethod() throws InterruptedException {
synchronized (locks) {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("staticMethod:" + i);
}
}
}
注意:这里不能用synchronized修饰方法外面的语句块(我把他叫做类语句块),虽然我们可以在方法外面定义语句块,这样做会遇到编译错误,这里涉及到了Java里面的对象初始化的部分知识。大概的原因就是synchronized锁住的是对象,当初始化对象的时候,JVM在对象初始化完成之前会调用方法外面的语句块,这个时候对象还不存在,所以就不存在锁了。
那么,在static方法和非static方法前面加synchronized到底有什么不同呢?
static的方法属于类方法,它属于这个Class(注意:这里的Class不是指Class的某个具体对象),那么static获取到的锁,就是当前调用这个方法的对象所属的类(Class,而不再是由这个Class产生的某个具体对象了)。而非static方法获取到的锁,就是当前调用这个方法的对象的锁了。所以,他们之间不会产生互斥。
实例1:
Java代码
package com.bijian.thread;
public class SynchronizedTest {
public static synchronized void staticMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println("staticMethod:" + i);
}
}
public synchronized void normalMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("normalMethod:" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final SynchronizedTest synchronizedTest = new SynchronizedTest();
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
synchronizedTest.normalMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "a");
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
SynchronizedTest.staticMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "b");
thread1.start();
thread.start();
}
}
运行结果:
Text代码
staticMethod:0
normalMethod:0
staticMethod:1
staticMethod:2
normalMethod:1
staticMethod:3
staticMethod:4
normalMethod:2
staticMethod:5
staticMethod:6
normalMethod:3
staticMethod:7
staticMethod:8
normalMethod:4
staticMethod:9
normalMethod:5
normalMethod:6
normalMethod:7
normalMethod:8
normalMethod:9
那当我们想让所有这个类下面的对象都同步的时候,也就是让所有这个类下面的对象共用同一把锁的时候,我们如何办呢?
法1:将normalMethod方法也改成static,这样这两个static方法都属于类方法,它们获取到的锁都是当前调用这个方法的对象所属的类(Class,而不再是由这个Class产生的某个具体对象了)。但这样会影响代码结构和对象的封装性。
修改实例1如下:
Java代码
package com.bijian.thread;
public class SynchronizedTest {
public static synchronized void staticMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println("staticMethod:" + i);
}
}
public static synchronized void normalMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("normalMethod:" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
SynchronizedTest.normalMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "a");
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
SynchronizedTest.staticMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "b");
thread1.start();
thread.start();
}
}
运行结果:
Text代码
staticMethod:0
staticMethod:1
staticMethod:2
staticMethod:3
staticMethod:4
staticMethod:5
staticMethod:6
staticMethod:7
staticMethod:8
staticMethod:9
normalMethod:0
normalMethod:1
normalMethod:2
normalMethod:3
normalMethod:4
normalMethod:5
normalMethod:6
normalMethod:7
normalMethod:8
normalMethod:9
也许有人说:将实例1的staticMethod方法改成的static去掉也能达到目的。确实可以,因为非static方法获取到的锁,就是当前调用这个方法的对象的锁,而实例1只有一个SynchronizedTest实例,如再创建一个实例,则就有问题了。如下所示:
Java代码
package com.bijian.thread;
public class SynchronizedTest {
public synchronized void staticMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println("staticMethod:" + i);
}
}
public synchronized void normalMethod() throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("normalMethod:" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final SynchronizedTest synchronizedTest = new SynchronizedTest();
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
synchronizedTest.normalMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "a");
//为了验证获取到的锁都是当前调用这个方法的对象所属的类,特另新建一个对象
final SynchronizedTest synchronizedTest2 = new SynchronizedTest();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
synchronizedTest2.staticMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "b");
thread1.start();
thread.start();
}
}
运行结果:
Text代码
staticMethod:0
staticMethod:1
normalMethod:0
staticMethod:2
staticMethod:3
normalMethod:1
staticMethod:4
staticMethod:5
normalMethod:2
staticMethod:6
normalMethod:3
staticMethod:7
staticMethod:8
normalMethod:4
staticMethod:9
normalMethod:5
normalMethod:6
normalMethod:7
normalMethod:8
normalMethod:9
法2:语句块锁,直接看如下实例:
实例2:
Java代码
package com.bijian.thread;
public class SynchronizedTest {
public final static Byte[] locks = new Byte[0];
public static void staticMethod() throws InterruptedException {
synchronized(locks) {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println("staticMethod:" + i);
}
}
}
public void normalMethod() throws InterruptedException {
synchronized(locks) {
for (int i = 0; i
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("normalMethod:" + i);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final SynchronizedTest synchronizedTest = new SynchronizedTest();
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
synchronizedTest.normalMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "a");
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
SynchronizedTest.staticMethod();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "b");
thread1.start();
thread.start();
}
}
运行结果:
Text代码
staticMethod:0
staticMethod:1
staticMethod:2
staticMethod:3
staticMethod:4
staticMethod:5
staticMethod:6
staticMethod:7
staticMethod:8
staticMethod:9
normalMethod:0
normalMethod:1
normalMethod:2
normalMethod:3
normalMethod:4
normalMethod:5
normalMethod:6
normalMethod:7
normalMethod:8
normalMethod:9