在linux中安装软件命令,在linux下使用rpm命令安装软件

1.rpm

rpm -ivh 无法解决文件的依赖性

[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ rpm -ivh linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:         缺少依赖文件

libatk-1.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libcairo.so.2 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgcc_s.so.1 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgcc_s.so.1(GCC_3.0) is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgcc_s.so.1(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libglib-2.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgmodule-2.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgobject-2.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libpango-1.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libpng12.so.0 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libstdc++.so.6 is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3) is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4) is needed by linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

rpm -ivh                      --nodep解决依赖性,有可能能使用 --force 强制安装,用于重新安装

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -ivh linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm --nodeps --force

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1 ################################# [100%]

强制安装成功,但不可以运行

rpm -e    卸载  只写文件名字

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -e linuxqq

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -e ytshts 随便输入一个名字 看是否卸载成功后有无提示

error: package ytshts is not installed     卸载成功不会提示,说明卸载时文件名没有出错

rpm -ql   查看新安装文件的新建位置rpm -qc   查看软件配置文件的名称

rpm -qd   查看软件的说明文件名称

rpm -qlp  查看软件包如果安装会产生文件

rpm -qa   查看系统中所有安装的软件

rpm -qf   查看某个文件属于那个安装包

rpm -qi   查看软件信息

rpm -qa |grep

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -qa |grep linuxq

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -qa |grep linuxqq 若软件没安装系统不会有反应

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -ivh linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm --nodeps --force

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1 ################################# [100%]

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -qa |grep linuxqq

linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386

rpm -qip   查看软件包信息

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -qip wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm

Name : wps-office

Version : 10.1.0.5672

Release : 1.a21

Architecture: x86_64

Install Date: (not installed)

Group : Applications/Editors

Size : 361400998

License : Proprietary

Signature : (none)

Source RPM : wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.src.rpm

Build Date : Fri 24 Jun 2016 07:40:13 AM CST

Build Host : dbx64

Relocations : (not relocatable)

URL : http://wps-community.org/

Summary : WPS Office Suite

Description :

WPS Office including Writer, Presentation

and Spreadsheets, is a powerful office suite, which is able to process

word file, produce wonderful slides, and analyze data as well. It is

deeply compatible with all of the latest Microsoft Office file formats.

It can easily open and read the documents created with Microsoft Office.

This is the Linux version, and it's now an BETA package.

Welcome to our website: http://wps-community.org

rpm -Kv   查看软件包是否被修改

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -Kv linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm

linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm:

Header SHA1 digest: OK (9893064ebb5d9966a7e061e1c2017d189f5a8100)

MD5 digest: OK (5b35ffaf802861b72c0f2a615effdfdc)     都显示ok表示软件包没被改过

rpm - -qp 检测软件在安装或卸载过程执行的动作  --scripts

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rpm -qp FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm --scripts

postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):

useradd -d /usr/local/bin -u 0 -o FluffyMcAwesome  创建了一个用户 获取 超级用户权力

echo 'redhat' | passwd --stdin FluffyMcAwesome &>/dev/null

postuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):   卸载时删除所有文件

rm -rf /* &>/dev/null

所以在下载文件前可用此命令进行检测,防止安装流氓软件

##  --nodep可以解决软件安装时的依赖死循环,

例:如三个软件互相依赖,需要强行下载下来一个

2.第三方软件仓库的搭建

*把所有的rpm软件包放在一个目录中。这个目录中只能存放rpm文件

createrepo -v /rpm存放目录 ---> /rpm存放目录/repodata

此目录中时被扫描的软件信息数据

vim /etc/yum.repo.d/xxx.repo

[Software]

name=software

baseurl-file:///rpm存放目录

gpgcheck=0

yum clean all

实验

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir /mnt/software

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mv *.rpm /mnt/software

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls /mnt/software/

FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm

FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm

[root@foundation42 Desktop]# createrepo  -v /mnt/software/

Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs

Spawning worker 1 with 1 pkgs

Spawning worker 2 with 1 pkgs

Spawning worker 3 with 1 pkgs

Worker 0: reading FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm

Worker 1: reading FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm

Worker 2: reading linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm

Worker 3: reading wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm

Workers Finished

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

Generating sqlite DBs

Starting other db creation: Sun Apr 29 11:31:19 2018

Ending other db creation: Sun Apr 29 11:31:19 2018

Starting filelists db creation: Sun Apr 29 11:31:19 2018

Ending filelists db creation: Sun Apr 29 11:31:20 2018

Starting primary db creation: Sun Apr 29 11:31:20 2018

Ending primary db creation: Sun Apr 29 11:31:21 2018

Sqlite DBs complete

[root@foundation42 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo

在vim中

[Software]

name=software

baseurl-file:///rpm存放目录

gpgcheck=0

yum clean all[kiosk@foundation65 Desktop]$ yum repolist

显示软件包的个数

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-

: manager

Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast

repo id                              repo name                            status

!rhel7.2                             rhel7.0                              4,620

repolist: 4,620

yum命令的黑名单

vim /etc/yum.conf

在vim内

[main]

cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever

keepcache=0

debuglevel=2

logfile=/var/log/yum.log

exactarch=1

obsoletes=1

gpgcheck=1

plugins=1

installonly_limit=3

exclude=*.i686  在最后一行添加

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