Android开发中,当需要创建在后台运行的程序的时候,就要使用到Service。Service 可以分为有无限生命和有限生命两种。
特别需要注意的是Service跟Activities是不同
的(简单来说可以理解为后台与前台的区别),例如,如果需要使用Service的话,需要调用startService(),从而利用
startService()去调用Service中的OnCreate()和onStart()方法来启动一个后台的Service。
启动一个Service的过程如下:
context.startService() ->onCreate()- >onStart()->Service running
其中onCreate()可以进行一些服务的初始化工作,onStart()则启动服务。
停止一个Service的过程如下:
context.stopService() | ->onDestroy() ->Service stop
接下来的实例是一个利用后台服务播放音乐的小例子,点击start运行服务,点击stop停止服务。
程序运行界面:
代码:
定义服务,MyService.java
Java代码
packagecom.example;
importandroid.app.Service;
importandroid.content.Intent;
importandroid.media.MediaPlayer;
importandroid.os.IBinder;
importandroid.util.Log;
importandroid.widget.Toast;
publicclassMyServiceextendsService {
privatestaticfinalString TAG ="MyService";
MediaPlayer player;
@Override
publicIBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
returnnull;
}
@Override
publicvoidonCreate() {
Toast.makeText(this,"My Service Created", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
player = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.braincandy);//运行例子是,需要替换音乐的名称
player.setLooping(false);// Set looping
}
@Override
publicvoidonDestroy() {
Toast.makeText(this,"My Service Stopped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
player.stop();
}
@Override
publicvoidonStart(Intent intent,intstartid) {
Toast.makeText(this,"My Service Started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
player.start();
}
}package com.example;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "MyService";
MediaPlayer player;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Created", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
player = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.braincandy);//运行例子是,需要替换音乐的名称
player.setLooping(false); // Set looping
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Stopped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
player.stop();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startid) {
Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
player.start();
}
}
除此之外还要在Manifest里面声明服务:
Xml代码
xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
package="com.example"android:versionCode="1"android:versionName="1.0">
intent-filter>
activity>
application>
manifest>
定义Activity,ServicesDemo.java
Java代码
packagecom.example;
importandroid.app.Activity;
importandroid.content.Intent;
importandroid.os.Bundle;
importandroid.util.Log;
importandroid.view.View;
importandroid.view.View.OnClickListener;
importandroid.widget.Button;
publicclassServicesDemoextendsActivityimplementsOnClickListener {
privatestaticfinalString TAG ="ServicesDemo";
Button buttonStart, buttonStop;
@Override
publicvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
buttonStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStart);
buttonStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStop);
buttonStart.setOnClickListener(this);
buttonStop.setOnClickListener(this);
}
publicvoidonClick(View src) {
switch(src.getId()) {
caseR.id.buttonStart:
Log.d(TAG, "onClick: starting srvice");
startService(newIntent(this, MyService.class));
break;
caseR.id.buttonStop:
Log.d(TAG, "onClick: stopping srvice");
stopService(newIntent(this, MyService.class));
break;
}
}
}