--deferred 跟 immediate的对比试验-----------------------------
SQL> drop table aa purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table aa ( id number,name varchar2(20),constraint pk primary key(id));
Table created.
SQL> col constraint_name for a11
SQL> select CONSTRAINT_NAME ,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,TABLE_NAME,STATUS,DEFERRABLE,DEFERRED,validated from u
ser_constraints where table_name='AA';
CONSTRAINT_ C TABLE STATUS DEFERRABLE DEFERRED VALIDATED
----------- - ----- -------- -------------- --------- -------------
PK P AA ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE VALIDATED
--可以看到,默认的是NOT DEFERRABLE,下面我们将它转为immediate试试
SQL> set constraint pk immediate;
set constraint pk immediate
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02447: cannot defer a constraint that is not deferrable
--增加一个uk,指定deferrable initially immidiate|deferred
SQL> alter table aa add constraint uk unique (name) deferrable initially immediate;
Table altered.
SQL> select CONSTRAINT_NAME ,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,TABLE_NAME,STATUS,DEFERRABLE,DEFERRED,validated from u
ser_constraints where table_name='AA';
CONSTRAINT_ C TABLE STATUS DEFERRABLE DEFERRED VALIDATED
----------- - ----- -------- -------------- --------- -------------
PK P AA ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE VALIDATED
UK U AA ENABLED DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE VALIDATED
SQL> select * from aa;
no rows selected
SQL> insert into aa values(1,'SDF');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into aa values(2,'SDF');
insert into aa values(2,'SDF')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (LYN.UK) violated
SQL> set constraints uk deferred;
Constraint set.
SQL> select * from aa;
no rows selected
SQL> insert into aa values(1,'SDF');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into aa values(2,'SDF');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
commit
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-00001: unique constraint (LYN.UK) violated
--此外,可以在SESSION里设定所有约束是立即检查(immediate)还是延迟检查(deferred),当然,这只影响初始时指定可延迟的(deferrable)约束。
SQL> alter session set constraint=immediate;
Session altered.
SQL> alter session set constraints=deferred;
Session altered.
--4种状态对比-----------------
SQL> drop table aa purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table aa(id number primary key);
Table created.
--enable validate(默认)
SQL> select CONSTRAINT_NAME ,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,TABLE_NAME,STATUS,DEFERRABLE,DEFERRED,validated from
user_constraints where table_name='AA';
CONSTRAINT_ C TABLE STATUS DEFERRABLE DEFERRED VALIDATED
----------- - ----- -------- -------------- --------- -------------
SYS_C002829 P AA ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE VALIDATED
SQL> insert into aa select 2010 from dual;
1 row created.
SQL> insert into aa select 2010 from dual;
insert into aa select 2010 from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (LYN.SYS_C002829) violated
--disable novalidate
SQL> alter table aa modify constraints SYS_C002829 disable;
Table altered.
SQL> select CONSTRAINT_NAME ,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,TABLE_NAME,STATUS,DEFERRABLE,DEFERRED,validated from
user_constraints where table_name='AA';
CONSTRAINT_ C TABLE STATUS DEFERRABLE DEFERRED VALIDATED
----------- - ----- -------- -------------- --------- -------------
SYS_C002829 P AA DISABLED NOT DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE NOT VALIDATED
SQL> select * from aa;
ID
----------
2010
SQL> insert into aa select 2010 from dual;
1 row created.
SQL> insert into aa select 2010 from dual;
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
--disable validate
SQL> alter table aa modify constraints SYS_C002829 disable validate;
alter table aa modify constraints SYS_C002829 disable validate
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02437: cannot validate (LYN.SYS_C002829) - primary key violated
SQL> select * from aa;
ID
----------
2010
2010
2010
SQL> delete aa where rownum<3;
2 rows deleted.
SQL> select rownum,id from aa;
ROWNUM ID
---------- ----------
1 2010
SQL> alter table aa modify constraints SYS_C002829 disable validate;
Table altered.
SQL> update aa set id=2012;
update aa set id=2012
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (LYN.SYS_C002829) disabledand validated
SQL> insert into aa select 2012 from dual;
insert into aa select 2012 from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (LYN.SYS_C002829) disabledand validated
SQL> delete from aa;
delete from aa
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (LYN.SYS_C002829) disabledand validated
SQL> truncate table aa;
truncate table aa
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (LYN.SYS_C002829) disabledand validated
--enable novalidate
SQL> alter table aa enable novalidate constraint SYS_C002829;
Table altered.
SQL> insert into aa select 2010 from dual;
insert into aa select 2010 from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (LYN.SYS_C002829) violated