本文详细介绍了在Oracle数据库的多租户容器（CDB）环境中，当SYSAUX表空间出现损坏时，如何进行有效的恢复操作。首先，无需关闭数据库，只需将SYSAUX表空间离线，然后使用RMAN进行数据文件的恢复和重新联机，最后应用归档日志以完成恢复。整个过程无需完全关闭数据库，从而降低了对其他PDB的影响。
QUESTION 8
Your multitenant container (CDB) containing three pluggable databases (PDBs) is running in ARCHIVELOG mode. You find that the SYSAUX tablespace is corrupted in the root container. The steps to recover the tablespace are as follows:
1. Mount the CDB.
2. Close all the PDBs.
3. Open the database.
4. Apply the archive redo logs.
5. Restore the data file.
6. Take the SYSAUX tablespace offline.
7. Place the SYSAUX tablespace online.
8. Open all the PDBs with RESETLOGS.
9. Open the database with RESETLOGS.
10. Execute the command SHUTDOWN ABORT.
Which option identifies the correct sequence to recover the SYSAUX tablespace?
A. 6,5,4,7
B. 10,1,2,5,8
C. 10,1,2,5,4,9,8
D. 10,1,5,8,10
【题目示意】
本题考察的是CDB中的SYSAUX表空间完全恢复。
【解析】
在数据库已经open的情况下，某些非关键数据文件发生损坏。只需要在保证数据库其他数据文件可用的状态下，对损坏的文件或损坏文件所在的表空间进行restore和recover操作。不需要关闭数据库，再进行恢复。在restore之前，要求表空间处于offline状态。
【实验】
1.修改数据库为归档模式
[oracle@dbstyle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Aug 11 14:58:41 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@DBSTYLE> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2121183232 bytes
Fixed Size 2290360 bytes
Variable Size 1308626248 bytes
Database Buffers 805306368 bytes
Redo Buffers 4960256 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@DBSTYLE> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@DBSTYLE> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2121183232 bytes
Fixed Size 2290360 bytes
Variable Size 1308626248 bytes
Database Buffers 805306368 bytes
Redo Buffers 4960256 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@DBSTYLE> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SYS@DBSTYLE> alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@DBSTYLE> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
2.使用RMAN备份数据库
SYS@DBSTYLE> !rman
Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 11 15:00:13 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target /
connected to target database: DBSTYLE (DBID=2767578829)
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 11-AUG-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=50 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-AUG-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-AUG-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtj5z5_.bkp tag=TAG20140811T150021 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/DBS/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/DBS/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/DBS/DBS_users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-AUG-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-AUG-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/FDD32A078F321802E0430A50A8C0F4FF/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtjz65_.bkp tag=TAG20140811T150021 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/pdbseed/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-AUG-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-AUG-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/FDD22BF463BC0F53E0430A50A8C0EDD2/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtk68h_.bkp tag=TAG20140811T150021 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 11-AUG-14
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 11-AUG-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/autobackup/2014_08_11/o1_mf_s_855327661_9yjtkff8_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 11-AUG-14
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 2.09G DISK 00:00:16 11-AUG-14
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140811T150021
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtj5z5_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1564193 11-AUG-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/system01.dbf
3 Full 1564193 11-AUG-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/sysaux01.dbf
5 Full 1564193 11-AUG-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/undotbs01.dbf
6 Full 1564193 11-AUG-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 762.73M DISK 00:00:04 11-AUG-14
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140811T150021
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/FDD32A078F321802E0430A50A8C0F4FF/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtjz65_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
Container ID: 3, PDB Name: DBS
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
7 Full 1563088 11-AUG-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/DBS/system01.dbf
8 Full 1563088 11-AUG-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/DBS/sysaux01.dbf
9 Full 1563088 11-AUG-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/DBS/DBS_users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Full 761.49M DISK 00:00:04 11-AUG-14
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140811T150021
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/FDD22BF463BC0F53E0430A50A8C0EDD2/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtk68h_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
2 Full 1539785 10-JUL-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/pdbseed/system01.dbf
4 Full 1539785 10-JUL-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 17.20M DISK 00:00:00 11-AUG-14
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140811T150101
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/autobackup/2014_08_11/o1_mf_s_855327661_9yjtkff8_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 11-AUG-14
SPFILE db_unique_name: DBSTYLE
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1565204 Ckp time: 11-AUG-14
3.删除sysaux01.dbf数据文件，模拟sysaux表空间损坏
[oracle@dbstyle DBSTYLE]$ rm -f sysaux01.dbf
4.使用RMAN进行restore操作，此时由于表空间没有离线，因此无法进行restore
RMAN> restore tablespace sysaux;
Starting restore at 11-AUG-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtj5z5_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/11/2014 15:18:45
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtj5z5_.bkp
ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 3
5.将SYSAUX表空间离线，此时需要使用offline immediate命令
[oracle@dbstyle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Aug 11 15:01:27 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
and Real Application Testing options
SYS@DBSTYLE> alter tablespace sysaux offline;
alter tablespace sysaux offline
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 3
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/sysaux01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SYS@DBSTYLE> alter tablespace sysaux offline immediate;
Tablespace altered.
SYS@DBSTYLE> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM ONLINE
SYSAUX OFFLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
TEMP ONLINE
USERS ONLINE
6.再次使用RMAN恢复表空间
RMAN> restore tablespace sysaux;
Starting restore at 11-AUG-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBSTYLE/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtj5z5_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DBSTYLE/backupset/2014_08_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140811T150021_9yjtj5z5_.bkp tag=TAG20140811T150021
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 11-AUG-14
RMAN> recover tablespace sysaux;
Starting recover at 11-AUG-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 11-AUG-14
RMAN> alter tablespace sysaux online;
Statement processed
RMAN>
7.SYSAUX表空间恢复正常
SYS@DBSTYLE> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM ONLINE
SYSAUX ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
TEMP ONLINE
USERS ONLINE
SYS@DBSTYLE>
【小结】
无论CDB或者PDB，如果是非关键表空间发生损坏，对数据库影响最小的处理方法就是，让损坏的表空间离线，然后进行restore和recovery，进而使表空间恢复正常。因此A选项最合理。
【答案】 A
相关参考
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/BRADV/rcmcomre.htm#BRADV89773
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