linux gcc asm,GCC 下 C和ASM混合编程

下面是一个简单的示例程序，这个程序显示了如何实现C和ASM的接口。

Contents:

readme.txt    --  this file

endian_demo.c    --  the C source file, implements the main function

function.S      --  the AT&T-format ASM file, implements the ASM functions

Makefile    --  the makefile for compiling the program

Instructions to Compile:

-----------------------

Just run "make" in the source file folder. If everything goes well, an executable

binary file named "endian_demo" will be created in the same folder.

Instructions to Run:

-------------------

Just run "./endian_demo" in the folder in which the program is compiled. Argument

should be specified in the command line. For example:

./endian_demo 1 255 1334

More than one number should be specified. If no number specified, the program will

print a usage message.

Source Files:

------------------

endian_demo.c :

This is the main C source file of the program. It implements the main()

function, which parses the command-line argument, and invokes the ASM functions

to swap the endian of the number and print the hexadecimal form of the number.

function.S :

This is the AT&T format assembly file which implements the two functions:

writeHexASCII and swapEnds.

To make the assembly code interface the ANSI C code, we need to understand how

the gcc C compiler generating code for the arguments of the functions and the return

value of the functions.

Arguments of a function is passed via the stack of the program. Before invoking

the function, arguments is pushed into the stack, and then call the function. In the

function itself, it should retrive the arguments from the stack, whose current

address is stored in the esp register of the x86 CPU.

Return value is passed via the register eax. The function puts the return value

in eax, then a "ret" instruction will return to the place where this functions is

invoked.

void writeHexASCII(char *buffer,unsigned int number);

This function takes two arguments, the address of the buffer and the number to

be converted to hexadecimal strings. Each digits of the hex value is extracted from

the number using the shifting instruction, then converted to hex value, and then

moved to the buffer.

unsigned int swapEnds(unsigned int x);

This functions takes one argument and returns the swapped value.  The bytes

of the number is extracted and swapped, and then return the value in eax register.

Assumptions:

------------

1. The target linux system is running on Intel X86 32-bit CPU

2. GNU make and gcc are installed on the system.

以下是代码：

这个是主程序文件endian_demo.c

#include

#include

extern void

writeHexASCII(char

*buffer,unsignedint

number);

extern

unsignedint

swapEnds(unsignedint

x);

int

main(int

arg_c,char

**arg_v)

{

    int

i;

unsignedint

num, num_swap;

    char

buf[16];

if

(arg_c < 2)

{

fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s NUM1 NUM2 NUM3...n"

, arg_v[0]);

  return

-1;

}

i = 1;

    while

(i < arg_c)

{

num = atoi(arg_v[i]);

num_swap = swapEnds(num);

fprintf(stdout,"%d: "

, num);

writeHexASCII(buf, num);

fprintf(stdout,"%s "

, buf);

writeHexASCII(buf, num_swap);

fprintf(stdout,"%s = "

, buf);

fprintf(stdout,"%dn"

, num_swap);

i++;

}

return

0;

}

这个是实现endian swap和hex转字符串的函数，文件名function.S

/* here we use AT&T format assembly */

.text

.code32

.globl    writeHexASCII

.globl    swapEnds

/*

0x8(%esp) = number

0x4(%esp) = *buffer

%ecx = shift length

%eax = hex value

%edi = loop count

*/

writeHexASCII:

movl   $28,%ecx

movl   $0,%edi

mov    0x4(%esp),%edx

jmp    if_loop_end

loop_start:

mov    0x8(%esp),%eax

shr    %cl,%eax

and    $0xf,%eax

cmpl   $9,%eax

jg     hex_abcdef

hex_0_9:

addl   $0x30,%eax

jmp    hex_convert_complete

hex_abcdef:

addl   $0x57,%eax

hex_convert_complete:

mov    %al,(%edx)

add    $1,%edx

subl   $4,%ecx

addl   $1,%edi

if_loop_end:

cmpl   $7,%edi

jle    loop_start

movb   $0x0,(%edx)

ret

/*

0x4(%esp) = x

%edi = temp value

*/

swapEnds:

mov    4(%esp),%eax

and    $0xff000000,%eax

shr    $24,%eax

mov    %eax,%edi

movzbl 4(%esp),%eax

shl    $24,%eax

or     %eax,%edi

mov    4(%esp),%eax

and    $0xff0000,%eax

shr    $8,%eax

or     %eax,%edi

mov    4(%esp),%eax

and    $0xff00,%eax

shl    $8,%eax

or     %eax,%edi

mov    %edi,%eax

ret

下面是一个简单的Makefile，用来编译这个程序：

all:    endian_demo

endian_demo:    function.o endian_demo.o

gcc -o $@ function.o endian_demo.o

function.o:    function.S

gcc -o $@ -c $<

endian_demo.o:    endian_demo.c

gcc -o $@ -c $< -ansi

clean:

rm -f *.o

rm -f endian_demo

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