linux安装es教程,Elasticsearch安装使用教程

Elasticsearch是一个全文搜索引擎。安装Elasticsearch时需要先安装Java。

wget https://download.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.4.2.zip

unzip elasticsearch-1.4.2.zip

cd elasticsearch-1.4.2

./bin/elasticsearch

安装Marvel

Marvel是一个管理和监控Elasticsearch的工具。它提供一个叫Sense的交互式接口方便通过浏览器与Elasticsearch交互。

bin/plugin -i elasticsearch/marvel/latest

如果不想使用Marvel监控本地集群，可以使用如下方式关闭Marvel监控

echo 'marvel.agent.enabled: false' >> ./config/elasticsearch.yml可以通过前台的方式启动Elasticsearch

bin]$ sudo ./elasticsearch

使用-d参数可以将Elasticsearch放到后台运行

bin]$ sudo ./elasticsearch -d

查看Elasticsearch中的数据

$ curl "http://localhost:9200/?pretty"

{

"status" : 200,

"name" : "xxx",

"cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",

"version" : {

"number" : "1.4.2",

"build_hash" : "927caff6f05403e936c20bf4529f144f0c89fd8c",

"build_timestamp" : "2014-12-16T14:11:12Z",

"build_snapshot" : false,

"lucene_version" : "4.10.2"

},

"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"

}

通过config/elasticsearch.yml设置cluster.name和node.name

可以通过以下方式关闭Elasticsearch

curl -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/_shutdown'

Talking to Elasticsearch

根据是否使用Java语言，与Elasticsearch交互有几种方法，如果是Java API参见文档

http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-api/current/index.html

如果使用其他语言，则使用Elasticsearch提供的RESTFUL API，或者可以直接使用linux命令curl访问

curl -X '://:/?' -d ''

VER        HTTP请求方式，GET,POST,PUT,HEAD或DELETE

PROTOCOL      使用HTTP或者HTTPS

HOST        Elasticsearch集群中的任意一个node的主机名，如果是在node本机就直接使用localhost

PORT        Elasticsearch运行HTTP服务的端口，默认是9200

QUERY_STRING  查询参数

BODY        JSON格式的请求数据

$ curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_count?pretty' -d '

{

"query": {

"match_all": {}

}

}

'

{

"count" : 22692,

"_shards" : {

"total" : 3,

"successful" : 3,

"failed" : 0

}

}

$ curl -i -XGET 'localhost:9200/'

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8

Content-Length: 334

{

"status" : 200,

"name" : "jidong",

"cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",

"version" : {

"number" : "1.4.2",

"build_hash" : "927caff6f05403e936c20bf4529f144f0c89fd8c",

"build_timestamp" : "2014-12-16T14:11:12Z",

"build_snapshot" : false,

"lucene_version" : "4.10.2"

},

"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"

}

Relational DB  Databases    Tables  Rows    Columns

Elasticsearch  Indices    Types  Documents  Fields

通过Marvel的Sense接口访问Elasticsearch

http://xxxx.com:9200/_plugin/marvel/sense/index.html

以下直接使用GET或PUT的简略形式，都是直接使用Marvel的Sense接口访问Elasticsearch，可以点击“Copy as cURL”查看对应的curl命令写法

PUT/megacorp/employee/1{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Smith","age":25,"about":"I love to go rock climbing","interests":["sports","music"]}

/megacorp/employee/1

这个路径包含三个信息

megacorp 索引名称，类似关系型数据库的数据库名称

employee 类型名称，类似关系型数据库的表名称

1    特定employee的ID

PUT/megacorp/employee/2{"first_name":"Jane","last_name":"Smith","age":32,"about":"I like to collect rock albums","interests":["music"]}PUT/megacorp/employee/3{"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Fir","age":35,"about":"I like to build cabinets","interests":["forestry"]}

在Sense中输入

GET /megacorp/employee/1

显示结果

{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"1","_version":1,"found":true,"_source":{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Smith","age":25,"about":"I love to go rock climbing","interests":["sports","music"]}}

GET /megacorp/employee/_search

{"took":6,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{...},"hits":{"total":3,"max_score":1,"hits":[{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"3","_score":1,"_source":{"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Fir","age":35,"about":"I like to build cabinets","interests":["forestry"]}},{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"1","_score":1,"_source":{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Smith","age":25,"about":"I love to go rock climbing","interests":["sports","music"]}},{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"2","_score":1,"_source":{"first_name":"Jane","last_name":"Smith","age":32,"about":"I like to collect rock albums","interests":["music"]}}]}}

GET /megacorp/employee/_search?q=last_name:Smith

{..."hits":{"total":2,"max_score":0.30685282,"hits":[{..."_source":{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Smith","age":25,"about":"I love to go rock climbing","interests":["sports","music"]}},{..."_source":{"first_name":"Jane","last_name":"Smith","age":32,"about":"I like to collect rock albums","interests":["music"]}}]}}

Elasticsearch提供了一个丰富的,灵活的查询语言,叫做DSL.Domain-specific language(DSL)使用特定的JSON请求。

GET/megacorp/employee/_search{"query":{"match":{"last_name":"Smith"}}}

这里没有使用查询参数，使用match匹配查询条件。输出结果和上个例子相同。

查找所有last name为Smith，年龄大于30的员工

[object Object][object Object]

{..."hits":{"total":1,"max_score":0.30685282,"hits":[{..."_source":{"first_name":"Jane","last_name":"Smith","age":32,"about":"I like to collect rock albums","interests":["music"]}}]}}

Full-text search 全文搜索

搜索所有喜欢rock climbing的员工

在Sense中输入

GET/megacorp/employee/_search{"query":{"match":{"about":"rock climbing"}}}

查看查询结果

[object Object][object Object]

默认情况下，Elasticsearch根据匹配结果的relevance score进行排序，表示匹配程度。可以看到第二个匹配结果只包含rock也被显示出来。

如果想要完全匹配查询条件，可以使用短语搜索phrase search

使用match_phrase进行条件匹配

GET/megacorp/employee/_search{"query":{"match_phrase":{"about":"rock climbing"}}}

{..."hits":{"total":1,"max_score":0.23013961,"hits":[{..."_score":0.23013961,"_source":{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Smith","age":25,"about":"I love to go rock climbing","interests":["sports","music"]}}]}}

现在就只有一条搜索结果

Highlight our searches高亮显示查询结果

GET/megacorp/employee/_search{"query":{"match_phrase":{"about":"rock climbing"}},"highlight":{"fields":{"about":{}}}}

{..."hits":{"total":1,"max_score":0.23013961,"hits":[{..."_score":0.23013961,"_source":{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Smith","age":25,"about":"I love to go rock climbing","interests":["sports","music"]},"highlight":{"about":["I love to go rock climbing"]}}]}}

使用Elasticsearch的聚合函数可以对数据进行复杂的分析。类似SQL语言的GROUP BY语句。

GET/megacorp/employee/_search{"aggs":{"all_interests":{"terms":{"field":"interests"}}}}

{..."hits":{...},"aggregations":{"all_interests":{"buckets":[{"key":"music","doc_count":2},{"key":"forestry","doc_count":1},{"key":"sports","doc_count":1}]}}}

GET/megacorp/employee/_search{"query":{"match":{"last_name":"smith"}},"aggs":{"all_interests":{"terms":{"field":"interests"}}}}

..."all_interests":{"buckets":[{"key":"music","doc_count":2},{"key":"sports","doc_count":1}]}

Elasticsearch可以横向扩展到几百台服务器，处理PB以上的数据。

ElasticSearch 的详细介绍：请点这里

ElasticSearch 的下载地址：请点这里