c语言菜单的建立,二、Windows菜单—建立菜单的非正统方法

现在让我们稍微偏离我们所讨论的主题。如果在您的程序中没有下拉式菜单，而是建立了多个没有弹出式菜单的顶层菜单，并呼叫SetMenu在顶层菜单之间切换，那会是什么样的情形呢？就像Lotus 1-2-3中老式的文字模式菜单那样。程序10-8中的NOPOPUPS程序展示了处理这种情况。在这个程序中，「File」和「Edit」项与MENUDEMO程序中的类似，但是却以另一种顶层菜单显示出来。

程序10-8 NOPOPUPS

NOPOPUPS.C

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------

NOPOPUPS.C -- Demonstrates No-Popup Nested Menu

(c) Charles Petzold, 1998

-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include

#include "resource.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)

{

static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("NoPopUps") ;

HWND hwnd ;

MSG msg ;

WNDCLASS wndclass ;

wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;

wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;

wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;

wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;

wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;

wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;

wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;

wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;

wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;

wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;

if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))

{

MessageBox ( NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),

szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;

return 0 ;

}

hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName,

TEXT ("No-Popup Nested Menu Demonstration"),

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;

ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;

UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;

while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))

{

TranslateMessage (&msg) ;

DispatchMessage (&msg) ;

}

return msg.wParam ;

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)

{

static HMENU hMenuMain, hMenuEdit, hMenuFile ;

HINSTANCE hInstance ;

switch (message)

{

case WM_CREATE:

hInstance = (HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE) ;

hMenuMain = LoadMenu (hInstance, TEXT ("MenuMain")) ;

hMenuFile = LoadMenu (hInstance, TEXT ("MenuFile")) ;

hMenuEdit = LoadMenu (hInstance, TEXT ("MenuEdit")) ;

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuMain) ;

return 0 ;

case WM_COMMAND:

switch (LOWORD (wParam))

{

case IDM_MAIN:

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuMain) ;

return 0 ;

case IDM_FILE:

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuFile) ;

return 0 ;

case IDM_EDIT:

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuEdit) ;

return 0 ;

case IDM_FILE_NEW:

case IDM_FILE_OPEN:

case IDM_FILE_SAVE:

case IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS:

case IDM_EDIT_UNDO:

case IDM_EDIT_CUT:

case IDM_EDIT_COPY:

case IDM_EDIT_PASTE:

case IDM_EDIT_CLEAR:

MessageBeep (0) ;

return 0 ;

}

break ;

case WM_DESTROY:

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuMain) ;

DestroyMenu (hMenuFile) ;

DestroyMenu (hMenuEdit) ;

PostQuitMessage (0) ;

return 0 ;

}

return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;

}

NOPOPUPS.RC (摘录)

//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script.

#include "resource.h"

#include "afxres.h"

/

// Menu

MENUMAIN MENU DISCARDABLE

BEGIN

MENUITEM "MAIN:", 0, INACTIVE

MENUITEM "&File...", IDM_FILE

MENUITEM "&Edit...", IDM_EDIT

END

MENUFILE MENU DISCARDABLE

BEGIN

MENUITEM "FILE:", 0, INACTIVE

MENUITEM "&New", IDM_FILE_NEW

MENUITEM "&Open...", IDM_FILE_OPEN

MENUITEM "&Save", IDM_FILE_SAVE

MENUITEM "Save &As", IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS

MENUITEM "(&Main)", IDM_MAIN

END

MENUEDIT MENU DISCARDABLE

BEGIN

MENUITEM "EDIT:", 0, INACTIVE

MENUITEM "&Undo", IDM_EDIT_UNDO

MENUITEM "Cu&t", IDM_EDIT_CUT

MENUITEM "&Copy", IDM_EDIT_COPY

MENUITEM "&Paste", IDM_EDIT_PASTE

MENUITEM "De&lete", IDM_EDIT_CLEAR

MENUITEM "(&Main)", IDM_MAIN

END

RESOURCE.H (摘录)

// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file.

// Used by NoPopups.rc

#define IDM_FILE 40001

#define IDM_EDIT 40002

#define IDM_FILE_NEW 40003

#define IDM_FILE_OPEN 40004

#define IDM_FILE_SAVE 40005

#define IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS 40006

#define IDM_MAIN 40007

#define IDM_EDIT_UNDO 40008

#define IDM_EDIT_CUT 40009

#define IDM_EDIT_COPY 40010

#define IDM_EDIT_PASTE 40011

#define IDM_EDIT_CLEAR 40012

在Microsoft Developer Studio中，您建立了三个菜单，而不是一个。从「Insert」中选择「Resource」三次，每个菜单有一个不同的名称。当窗口消息处理程序处理WM_CREATE消息时，Windows将每个菜单资源加载内存：

hMenuMain = LoadMenu (hInstance, TEXT ("MenuMain")) ;

hMenuFile = LoadMenu (hInstance, TEXT ("MenuFile")) ;

hMenuEdit = LoadMenu (hInstance, TEXT ("MenuEdit")) ;

开始时，程序只显示主菜单：

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuMain) ;

主菜单使用字符串「MAIN:」、「File...」和「Edit...」列出这三个选项。然而，「MAIN:」是禁用的，因此它不能使WM_COMMAND消息被发送到窗口消息处理程序。「File」和「Edit」菜单项以「FILE:」和「EDIT:」开始，表示它们是子菜单。每个菜单的最后一项都是字符串「(Main)」，表示传回到主菜单。在这三个菜单之间进行切换是很简单的：

case WM_COMMAND :

switch (wParam)

{

case IDM_MAIN :

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuMain) ;

return 0 ;

case IDM_FILE :

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuFile) ;

return 0 ;

case IDM_EDIT :

SetMenu (hwnd, hMenuEdit) ;

return 0 ;

其它行程序

}

break ;

在WM_DESTROY消息处理期间，NOPOPUPS将程序的菜单设定为主菜单，并呼叫DestroyMenu来清除「File」和「Edit」菜单。当窗口被清除时，主菜单将被自动清除。