linux ll 匹配,`ll/sc` 指令在`linux`中的软件实现

load-link与store-conditional (LL/SC)是一对用于并发同步访问内存的CPU指令。Load-link返回内存位置处的当前值，随后的store-conditional在该内存位置处保存新值(如果从load-link后没有被修改)。这被用于实现无锁算法与read-modify-write原子操作。

linux在、、、、中实现了多种基本的原子操作，以最简单的atomic_add来举例：

/*

* atomic_add - add integer to atomic variable

* @i: integer value to add

* @v: pointer of type atomic_t

*

* Atomically adds @i to @v.

*/

static __inline__ void atomic_add(int i, atomic_t * v)

{

if (kernel_uses_llsc && R10000_LLSC_WAR) {

int temp;

__asm__ __volatile__(

".setmips3\n"

"1:ll%0, %1# atomic_add\n"

"addu%0, %2\n"

"sc%0, %1\n"

"beqzl%0, 1b\n"

".setmips0\n"

: "=&r" (temp), "=m" (v->counter)

: "Ir" (i), "m" (v->counter));

} else if (kernel_uses_llsc) {

int temp;

__asm__ __volatile__(

".setmips3\n"

"1:ll%0, %1# atomic_add\n"

"addu%0, %2\n"

"sc%0, %1\n"

"beqz%0, 2f\n"

".subsection 2\n"

"2:b1b\n"

".previous\n"

".setmips0\n"

: "=&r" (temp), "=m" (v->counter)

: "Ir" (i), "m" (v->counter));

} else {

unsigned long flags;

raw_local_irq_save(flags);

v->counter += i;

raw_local_irq_restore(flags);

}

}

其中，kernel_uses_llsc是一个宏定义，当定义为0时就需要软件实现。raw_local_irq_save与raw_local_irq_restore函数定义在，对于不同的mips cpu有不同的实现，最简单的实现如下：

.macro irq_enable_hazard; _ssnop; _ssnop; _ssnop;; .endm

.macro irq_disable_hazard; nop; nop; nop; .endm

.macroraw_local_irq_save result

.setpush

.setreorder

.setnoat

mfc0\result, $12

ori$1, \result, 0x1f

xori$1, 0x1f

.setnoreorder

mtc0$1, $12

irq_disable_hazard

.setpop

.endm

.macroraw_local_irq_restore flags

.setpush

.setnoreorder

.setnoat

mfc0$1, $12

andi\flags, 1

ori$1, 0x1f

xori$1, 0x1f

or\flags, $1

mtc0\flags, $12

irq_disable_hazard

.setpop

.endm

raw_local_irq_save与raw_local_irq_restore被实现为两个mips的宏定义，raw_local_irq_save对cp0的status寄存器进行修改，让cpu进入kernek mode，ERL与EXL置0，同时禁止中断，从而保证了原子性。raw_local_irq_restore将中断使能打开。