linux的虚拟机kvm,Linux 虚拟机--KVM安装和配置(示例代码)

一、配置环境

软件包组：

virtualization            提供虚拟机的环境，主要包含qemu-kvm

virtualization-client      管理和安装虚拟机实例的客户端，主要有Python-virtinst,virt-manager,virt-viewer

virtualization-platform    提供访问和控制虚拟客户端的接口，主要有libvirt，libvirt-client

virtualization-tools      管理离线虚拟机镜像的工具，主要有libguestfs

# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep flags    需要全虚拟化支持为vmx(Inter)或svm(AMD)

二、配置本地yum源

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# catlocal.repo

[rhel_6_iso]

name=local iso

baseurl=file:///media

gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///media/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[HighAvailability]

name=HighAvailability

baseurl=file:///media/HighAvailability

gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///media/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[LoadBalancer]

name=LoadBalancer

baseurl=file:///media/LoadBalancer

gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///media/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[ResilientStorage]

name=ResilientStorage

baseurl=file:///media/ResilientStorage

gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///media/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[ScalableFileSystem]

name=ScalableFileSystem

baseurl=file:///media/ScalableFileSystem

gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///media/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

三、安装KVM软件包

# yum groupinstall "Virtualization" "Virtualization Client" "Virtualzation Platform" -y

四、安装虚拟机

1、配置网卡桥接

由于KVM创建虚拟机时，网络默认使用nat模式，将使得虚拟机能访问外部网络，外部网络无法访问虚拟机；为了外部网络能与虚拟机正常通信，在此配置网卡桥接，创建虚拟机是使用桥接网络。

# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/#cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0

#cat ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"BOOTPROTO="static"#DNS1="192.168.62.110"#HWADDR="00:50:56:25:AE:19"#IPADDR="192.168.62.201"#IPV6INIT="yes"#NETMASK="255.255.255.0"#NM_CONTROLLED="yes"ONBOOT="yes"TYPE="Ethernet"BRIDGE=br0

#cat ifcfg-br0

DEVICE="br0"BOOTPROTO="static"DNS1="192.168.62.110"IPADDR="192.168.62.201"IPV6INIT="yes"NETMASK="255.255.255.0"NM_CONTROLLED="yes"ONBOOT="yes"TYPE="Bridge"

重启网卡后可以看到eth0与br0建立桥接

# /etc/init.d/network restart

Shutting down interface eth0: bridge br0 does not exist![ OK ]

Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ]

Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface eth1:

Determining IP informationfor eth1... done.

[ OK ]

Bringing up interface br0: Determiningif ip address 192.168.62.201 is already in use fordevice br0...

[ OK ]

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip a1: lo: mtu 65536qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scope host lo

inet6 ::1/128scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:50:56:25:ae:19brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe25:ae19/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:68:3b:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.1.63/24 brd 192.168.1.255scope global eth1

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe68:3bef/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever4: br0: mtu 1500qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/ether 00:50:56:25:ae:19brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.62.201/24 brd 192.168.62.255scope global br0

inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe25:ae19/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[[email protected] network-scripts]# brctl show

bridge name bridgeidSTP enabled interfaces

br08000.00505625ae19 no eth0

2、创建虚拟机

# virt-install --name vm01 --boot network,cdrom,menu=on --ram 512 --vcpus=1 --os-variant=rhel6 --accelerate --cdrom=/dev/sr0 --disk path=/opt/kvmimg/vm01.img,size=5,bus=virtio --bridge=br0,model=virtio --autostart --vnc --vncport=5900 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0ERROR internal error Unable tolocate libvirtd daemon in /usr/sbin (to override, set $LIBVIRTD_PATH to the name of the libvirtd binary)

此时提示错误，是由于没有安装libvirt，

# yum install libvirt* -y

# /etc/init.d/libvirtd start

Starting libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]

安装完成后并启动，否则提示错误ERROR    Failed to connect socket to ‘/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock‘: No such file or directory

重新创建虚拟机

# virt-install --name vm01 --boot network,cdrom,menu=on --ram 512 --vcpus=1 --os-variant=rhel6 --accelerate --cdrom=/dev/sr0 --disk path=/opt/kvmimg/vm01.img,size=5,bus=virtio --bridge=br0,model=virtio --autostart --vnc --vncport=5900 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0Startinginstall...

Creating storagefile vm01.img | 5.0 GB 00:00Creating domain...| 0 B 00:00Cannot open display:

Run‘virt-viewer --help‘to see a full list of available command line options

Domain installation stillinprogress. You can reconnect to

the console to complete the installation process.

此时就可以用vnc客户端连接:5900即可使用图形界面安装系统。安装过程忽略