测试io口好坏软件,fio: 最强大的IO性能测试工具

Overview and history

--------------------

Fio was originally written to save me the hassle of writing special test case

programs when I wanted to test a specific workload, either for performance

reasons or to find/reproduce a bug. The process of writing such a test app can

be tiresome, especially if you have to do it often. Hence I needed a tool that

would be able to simulate a given I/O workload without resorting to writing a

tailored test case again and again.

A test work load is difficult to define, though. There can be any number of

processes or threads involved, and they can each be using their own way of

generating I/O. You could have someone dirtying large amounts of memory in an

memory mapped file, or maybe several threads issuing reads using asynchronous

I/O. fio needed to be flexible enough to simulate both of these cases, and many

more.

Fio spawns a number of threads or processes doing a particular type of I/O

action as specified by the user. fio takes a number of global parameters, each

inherited by the thread unless otherwise parameters given to them overriding

that setting is given. The typical use of fio is to write a job file matching

the I/O load one wants to simulate.

Source

------

Fio resides in a git repo, the canonical place is:

git://git.kernel.dk/fio.git

When inside a corporate firewall, git:// URL sometimes does not work.

If git:// does not work, use the http protocol instead:

http://git.kernel.dk/fio.git

Snapshots are frequently generated and :file:`fio-git-*.tar.gz` include the git

meta data as well. Other tarballs are archives of official fio releases.

Snapshots can download from:

http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps/

There are also two official mirrors. Both of these are automatically synced with

the main repository, when changes are pushed. If the main repo is down for some

reason, either one of these is safe to use as a backup:

git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/fio.git

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/fio.git

or

git://github.com/axboe/fio.git

https://github.com/axboe/fio.git

Mailing list

------------

The fio project mailing list is meant for anything related to fio including

general discussion, bug reporting, questions, and development. For bug reporting,

see REPORTING-BUGS.

An automated mail detailing recent commits is automatically sent to the list at

most daily. The list address is fio@vger.kernel.org, subscribe by sending an

email to majordomo@vger.kernel.org with

subscribe fio

in the body of the email. Archives can be found here:

http://www.spinics.net/lists/fio/

and archives for the old list can be found here:

http://maillist.kernel.dk/fio-devel/

Author

------

Fio was written by Jens Axboe to enable flexible testing of

the Linux I/O subsystem and schedulers. He got tired of writing specific test

applications to simulate a given workload, and found that the existing I/O

benchmark/test tools out there weren't flexible enough to do what he wanted.

Jens Axboe 20060905

Binary packages

---------------

Debian:

Starting with Debian "Squeeze", fio packages are part of the official

Debian repository. http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=fio .

Ubuntu:

Starting with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (aka "Lucid Lynx"), fio packages are part

of the Ubuntu "universe" repository.

http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=fio .

Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS & Co:

Starting with Fedora 9/Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 4, fio

packages are part of the Fedora/EPEL repositories.

https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/fio .

Mandriva:

Mandriva has integrated fio into their package repository, so installing

on that distro should be as easy as typing ``urpmi fio``.

Arch Linux:

An Arch Linux package is provided under the Community sub-repository:

https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?sort=&q=fio

Solaris:

Packages for Solaris are available from OpenCSW. Install their pkgutil

tool (http://www.opencsw.org/get-it/pkgutil/) and then install fio via

``pkgutil -i fio``.

Windows:

Rebecca Cran has fio packages for Windows at

https://bsdio.com/fio/ . The latest builds for Windows can also

be grabbed from https://ci.appveyor.com/project/axboe/fio by clicking

the latest x86 or x64 build, then selecting the ARTIFACTS tab.

BSDs:

Packages for BSDs may be available from their binary package repositories.

Look for a package "fio" using their binary package managers.

Building

--------

Just type::

$ ./configure

$ make

$ make install

Note that GNU make is required. On BSDs it's available from devel/gmake within

ports directory; on Solaris it's in the SUNWgmake package. On platforms where

GNU make isn't the default, type ``gmake`` instead of ``make``.

Configure will print the enabled options. Note that on Linux based platforms,

the libaio development packages must be installed to use the libaio

engine. Depending on distro, it is usually called libaio-devel or libaio-dev.

For gfio, gtk 2.18 (or newer), associated glib threads, and cairo are required

to be installed. gfio isn't built automatically and can be enabled with a

``--enable-gfio`` option to configure.

To build fio with a cross-compiler::

$ make clean

$ make CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/toolchain/prefix

Configure will attempt to determine the target platform automatically.

It's possible to build fio for ESX as well, use the ``--esx`` switch to

configure.

Windows

~~~~~~~

On Windows, Cygwin (https://www.cygwin.com/) is required in order to build

fio. To create an MSI installer package install WiX from

https://wixtoolset.org and run :file:`dobuild.cmd` from the :file:`os/windows`

directory.

How to compile fio on 64-bit Windows:

1. Install Cygwin (http://www.cygwin.com/). Install **make** and all

packages starting with **mingw64-x86_64**. Ensure

**mingw64-x86_64-zlib** are installed if you wish

to enable fio's log compression functionality.

2. Open the Cygwin Terminal.

3. Go to the fio directory (source files).

4. Run ``make clean && make -j``.

To build fio for 32-bit Windows, ensure the -i686 versions of the previously

mentioned -x86_64 packages are installed and run ``./configure

--build-32bit-win`` before ``make``. To build an fio that supports versions of

Windows below Windows 7/Windows Server 2008 R2 also add ``--target-win-ver=xp``

to the end of the configure line that you run before doing ``make``.

It's recommended that once built or installed, fio be run in a Command Prompt or

other 'native' console such as console2, since there are known to be display and

signal issues when running it under a Cygwin shell (see

https://github.com/mintty/mintty/issues/56 and

https://github.com/mintty/mintty/wiki/Tips#inputoutput-interaction-with-alien-programs

for details).

Documentation

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Fio uses Sphinx_ to generate documentation from the reStructuredText_ files.

To build HTML formatted documentation run ``make -C doc html`` and direct your

browser to :file:`./doc/output/html/index.html`. To build manual page run

``make -C doc man`` and then ``man doc/output/man/fio.1``. To see what other

output formats are supported run ``make -C doc help``.

.. _reStructuredText: http://www.sphinx-doc.org/rest.html

.. _Sphinx: http://www.sphinx-doc.org

Platforms

---------

Fio works on (at least) Linux, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, OSX, NetBSD, OpenBSD,

Windows, FreeBSD, and DragonFly. Some features and/or options may only be

available on some of the platforms, typically because those features only apply

to that platform (like the solarisaio engine, or the splice engine on Linux).

Some features are not available on FreeBSD/Solaris even if they could be

implemented, I'd be happy to take patches for that. An example of that is disk

utility statistics and (I think) huge page support, support for that does exist

in FreeBSD/Solaris.

Fio uses pthread mutexes for signalling and locking and some platforms do not

support process shared pthread mutexes. As a result, on such platforms only

threads are supported. This could be fixed with sysv ipc locking or other

locking alternatives.

Other \*BSD platforms are untested, but fio should work there almost out of the

box. Since I don't do test runs or even compiles on those platforms, your

mileage may vary. Sending me patches for other platforms is greatly

appreciated. There's a lot of value in having the same test/benchmark tool

available on all platforms.

Note that POSIX aio is not enabled by default on AIX. Messages like these::

Symbol resolution failed for /usr/lib/libc.a(posix_aio.o) because:

Symbol _posix_kaio_rdwr (number 2) is not exported from dependent module /unix.

indicate one needs to enable POSIX aio. Run the following commands as root::

# lsdev -C -l posix_aio0

posix_aio0 Defined Posix Asynchronous I/O

# cfgmgr -l posix_aio0

# lsdev -C -l posix_aio0

posix_aio0 Available Posix Asynchronous I/O

POSIX aio should work now. To make the change permanent::

# chdev -l posix_aio0 -P -a autoconfig='available'

posix_aio0 changed

Running fio

-----------

Running fio is normally the easiest part - you just give it the job file

(or job files) as parameters::

$ fio [options] [jobfile] ...

and it will start doing what the *jobfile* tells it to do. You can give more

than one job file on the command line, fio will serialize the running of those

files. Internally that is the same as using the :option:`stonewall` parameter

described in the parameter section.

If the job file contains only one job, you may as well just give the parameters

on the command line. The command line parameters are identical to the job

parameters, with a few extra that control global parameters. For example, for

the job file parameter :option:`iodepth=2 `, the mirror command line

option would be :option:`--iodepth 2 ` or :option:`--iodepth=2

`. You can also use the command line for giving more than one job

entry. For each :option:`--name ` option that fio sees, it will start a

new job with that name. Command line entries following a

:option:`--name ` entry will apply to that job, until there are no more

entries or a new :option:`--name ` entry is seen. This is similar to the

job file options, where each option applies to the current job until a new []

job entry is seen.

fio does not need to run as root, except if the files or devices specified in

the job section requires that. Some other options may also be restricted, such

as memory locking, I/O scheduler switching, and decreasing the nice value.

If *jobfile* is specified as ``-``, the job file will be read from standard

input.