oracle语句转标准sql,【转】oracle常用SQL语句

oracle常用SQL语句1、连接

SQL*Plus system/manager

2、显示当前连接用户

SQL> show user

3、查看系统拥有哪些用户

SQL> select * from all_users;

4、新建用户并授权

SQL> create user a identified by a;(默认建在SYSTEM表空间下)

SQL> grant connect,resource to a;

5、连接到新用户

SQL> conn a/a

6、查询当前用户下所有对象

SQL> select * from tab;

7、建立第一个表

SQL> create table a(a number);

8、查询表结构

SQL> desc a

9、插入新记录

SQL> insert into a values(1);

10、查询记录

SQL> select * from a;

11、更改记录

SQL> update a set a=2;

12、删除记录

SQL> delete from a;

13、回滚

SQL> roll;

SQL> rollback;

14、提交

SQL> commit;

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http://www.oradb.net/newuser/cg_sys.htm

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用户授权:

GRANT ALTER ANY INDEX TO "user_id "

GRANT "dba " TO "user_id ";

ALTER USER "user_id " DEFAULT ROLE ALL

创建用户:

CREATE USER "user_id " PROFILE "DEFAULT " IDENTIFIED BY " DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS " TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP " ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

GRANT "CONNECT " TO "user_id ";

用户密码设定:

ALTER USER "CMSDB " IDENTIFIED BY "pass_word "

表空间创建:

CREATE TABLESPACE "table_space " LOGGING DATAFILE 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\dbs\table_space.ora' SIZE 5M

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1、查看当前所有对象

SQL > select * from tab;

2、建一个和a表结构一样的空表

SQL > create table b as select * from a where 1=2;

SQL > create table b(b1,b2,b3) as select a1,a2,a3 from a where 1=2;

3、察看数据库的大小，和空间使用情况

SQL > col tablespace format a20

SQL > select b.file_id　　文件ID,

b.tablespace_name　　表空间,

b.file_name　　　　　物理文件名,

b.bytes　　　　　　　总字节数,

(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))　　　已使用,

sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))　　　　　　　　剩余,

sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100　剩余百分比

from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b

where a.file_id=b.file_id

group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes

order by b.tablespace_name

/

dba_free_space --表空间剩余空间状况

dba_data_files --数据文件空间占用情况

4、查看现有回滚段及其状态

SQL > col segment format a30

SQL > SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,OWNER,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_ID,FILE_ID,STATUS FROM DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS;

5、查看数据文件放置的路径

SQL > col file_name format a50

SQL > select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name from dba_data_files order by file_id;

6、显示当前连接用户

SQL > show user

7、把SQL*Plus当计算器

SQL > select 100*20 from dual;

8、连接字符串

SQL > select 列1 | |列2 from 表1;

SQL > select concat(列1,列2) from 表1;

9、查询当前日期

SQL > select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd,hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

10、用户间复制数据

SQL > copy from user1 to user2 create table2 using select * from table1;

11、视图中不能使用order by，但可用group by代替来达到排序目的

SQL > create view a as select b1,b2 from b group by b1,b2;

12、通过授权的方式来创建用户

SQL > grant connect,resource to test identified by test;

SQL > conn test/test

13、查出当前用户所有表名。

select unique tname from col;

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alter table alist_table add address varchar2(100);

alter table alist_table modify address varchar2(80);

create table alist_table_copy as select ID,NAME,PHONE,EMAIL,

QQ as QQ2,

ADDRESS from alist_table;

drop table alist_table;

rename alist_table_copy to alist_table

空值处理

有时要求列值不能为空

create table dept (deptno number(2) not null, dname char(14), loc char(13));

在基表中增加一列

alter table dept

add (headcnt number(3));

修改已有列属性

alter table dept

modify dname char(20);

注：只有当某列所有值都为空时，才能减小其列值宽度。

只有当某列所有值都为空时，才能改变其列值类型。

只有当某列所有值都为不空时，才能定义该列为not null。

例：

alter table dept modify (loc char(12));

alter table dept modify loc char(12);

alter table dept modify (dname char(13),loc char(12));

查找未断连接

select process,osuser,username,machine,logon_time ,sql_text

from v$session a,v$sqltext b where a.sql_address=b.address;

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1.以USER_开始的数据字典视图包含当前用户所拥有的信息, 查询当前用户所拥有的表信息:

select * from user_tables;

2.以ALL_开始的数据字典视图包含ORACLE用户所拥有的信息,

查询用户拥有或有权访问的所有表信息:

select * from all_tables;

3.以DBA_开始的视图一般只有ORACLE数据库管理员可以访问:

select * from dba_tables;

4.查询ORACLE用户：

conn sys/change_on_install

select * from dba_users;

conn system/manager;

select * from all_users;

5.创建数据库用户：

CREATE USER user_name IDENTIFIED BY password;

GRANT CONNECT TO user_name;

GRANT RESOURCE TO user_name;

授权的格式: grant (权限) on tablename to username;

删除用户(或表):

drop user(table) username(tablename) (cascade);

6.向建好的用户导入数据表

IMP SYSTEM/MANAGER FROMUSER = FUSER_NAME TOUSER = USER_NAME FILE = C:\EXPDAT.DMP COMMIT = Y

7.索引

create index [index_name] on [table_name]( "column_name ")

Oracle维护常用SQL语句

1、查看表空间的名称及大小

select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size

from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d

where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name

group by t.tablespace_name;

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,

round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space

from dba_data_files

order by tablespace_name;

3、查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,

(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,

max_extents, v.curext CurExtent

From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v

Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)

order by segment_name ;

4、查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile;

5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile;

6、查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name

from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name;

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,

(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"

FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C

WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

7、查看数据库库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;

8、查看数据库的版本

Select version FROM Product_component_version

Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

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9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;

10、捕捉运行很久的SQL

column username format a12

column opname format a16

column progress format a8

select username,sid,opname,

round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) 　　 '%' as progress,

time_remaining,sql_text

from v$session_longops , v$sql

where time_remaining <> 0

and sql_address = address

and sql_hash_value = hash_value

/

11、查看数据表的参数信息

SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,

pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,

next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,

freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,

empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,

last_analyzed

FROM dba_tab_partitions

--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner

ORDER BY partition_position

12、查看还没提交的事务

select * from v$locked_object;

select * from v$transaction;

13、查找object为哪些进程所用

select

p.spid,

s.sid,

s.serial# serial_num,

s.username user_name,

a.type object_type,

s.osuser os_user_name,

a.owner,

a.object object_name,

decode(sign(48 - command),

1,

to_char(command), 'Action Code #' 　　 to_char(command) ) action,

p.program oracle_process,

s.terminal terminal,

s.program program,

s.status session_status

from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p

where s.paddr = p.addr and

s.type = 'USER' and

a.sid = s.sid and

a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'

order by s.username, s.osuser

14、回滚段查看

select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents

Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,

v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,

sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,

v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and

v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum

15、耗资源的进程(top session)

select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,

to_char(command), 'Action Code #' 　　 to_char(command) ) action, status

session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,

nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,

s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$processp

where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'

or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc