linux oracle 11g ora-00845,解决Linux上11g的ORA-00845错误

下午想把一个11.2.0.2实例的memory_target AMM内存初始化参数修改到2000M，改好后重启发现实例起不来了，出现了ORA-00845错误:

[oracle@rh2 ~]$

[oracle@rh2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue May 3 19:43:50 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount;

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

======================= ALERT.LOG======================

Starting ORACLE instance (normal)

WARNING: You are trying to use the MEMORY_TARGET feature.

This feature requires the /dev/shm file system to be mounted for at least 2097152000 bytes.

/dev/shm is either not mounted or is mounted with available space less than this size.

Please fix this so that MEMORY_TARGET can work as expected.

Current available is 1871466496 and used is 200790016 bytes.

Ensure that the mount point is /dev/shm for this directory.

memory_target needs larger /dev/shm

看起来是因为采用了Automatic Memory Management的特性，所以Oracle采用了一种基于POSIX的共享内存使用风格，在AMM中Oracle不像之前版本那样利用”一整块”内存作为SGA，而是使用一块块小的”chunk”，以满足SGA与PGA之前交换内存的目的，具体可以参考下图:

针对上述ORA-00845错误，我们需要修改映射内存文件夹/dev/shm的装载参数，针对正在运行的Linux操作系统，可以remount这个tmpfs装载点，如:

[root@rh2 ~]# umount /dev/shm

umount: /dev/shm: device is busy

umount: /dev/shm: device is busy

[root@rh2 ~]# ls /dev/shm

JOXSHM_EXT_0_PROD1_8323079 JOXSHM_EXT_25_PROD1_8323079 ora_+ASM1_7569414_11

JOXSHM_EXT_10_PROD1_8323079 JOXSHM_EXT_26_PROD1_8323079 ora_+ASM1_7569414_12

............

/* 可以看到如果ASM实例也使用AMM的话同样会在/dev/shm目录下产生内存映像

为了umount该装载点，我们不得不首先shutdown ASM instance ! */

[root@rh2 ~]# su - grid

[grid@rh2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue May 3 20:05:24 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

[grid@rh2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue May 3 20:05:32 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-15097: cannot SHUTDOWN ASM instance with connected client (process 1576)

SQL> shutdown abort;

ASM instance shutdown

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

[root@rh2 ~]# umount /dev/shm

[root@rh2 ~]# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=4000m /dev/shm

/* 这里的size指定了shm目录的装载大小，4000m可能对你的系统仍然不够，

那么你有理由设一个更大的值 */

[root@rh2 ~]# mount|grep shmfs

shmfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,size=4000m)

Startup ASM...........

[root@rh2 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@rh2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Tue May 3 20:09:40 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2087780352 bytes

Fixed Size 2228072 bytes

Variable Size 1476395160 bytes

Database Buffers 603979776 bytes

Redo Buffers 5177344 bytes

/* 实例启动成功！ */

上述umount/mount的方式只在操作系统的此次生命周期中生效，如果重启的话shmfs目录仍会以默认方式装载；如果需要永久生效的话，我们需要修改系统参数文件/etc/fstab中的shm条目:

/* 修改前的shm装载参数 */

[root@rh2 ~]# grep shm /etc/fstab

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

/* 修改后的shm装载参数 */

[root@rh2 ~]# grep shm /etc/fstab

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,size=4000m 0 0