linux sqlserver命令,Linux下使用SQLServer

1. 说明

SQL Server是由Microsoft开发和推广的关系数据库管理系统。本文介绍在Ubuntu系统下，SQL Server服务端及客户端的安装，基本命令及如何使用python访问数据。

2. 安装

由于SQLServer不在默认安装的软件源之中，在Ubuntu 16.04上，需要先加入其软件源，安装后再进行一些配置

(1) SQLServer服务器端

$ wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add - #导入公钥

$ sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-2017.list)"

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server

$ sudo apt-get -f install

$ sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup # 配置：输入密码并记住此密码

$ systemctl stop mssql-server # 为修改排序规则，先关掉服务

$ sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set-collation # 输入规则：Chinese_PRC_CI_AS

$ systemctl enable mssql-server && systemctl start mssql-server # 重启服务

(2) SQLServer命令行工具

$ sudo sh -c "curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -"

$ sudo sh -c "echo deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-serverxenial main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sql-server.list"

$ $sudo sh -c "echo deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/prod xenial main >>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/sql-server.list"

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install -y mssql-tools-y

$ dpkg -L mssql-tools # 看一下安装在哪个目录了，我的机器是安装在/opt目录下了 $ /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P 密码 # 试运行一下, 默认用户名SA

(3) SQLServer的Python支持包

$ sudo pip install pymssql

3. SQLServer基本命令

$ /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P 密码 # 用命令行连接

(1) 建库

> create database testme

> go

(2) 看当前数据库列表

> select * from SysDatabases

> go

(3) 看当前数据表

> use 库名

> select * from sysobjects where xtype='u'

> go

(4) 看表的内容

> select * from 表名;

> go

4. Python程序访问SQLServer数据库

import pymssql

server = 'localhost'

user = 'sa'

password = 密码

database = 'testme'

conn = pymssql.connect(server, user, password, database)

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("""

IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL

DROP TABLE persons

CREATE TABLE persons (

id INT NOT NULL,

name VARCHAR(100),

salesrep VARCHAR(100),

PRIMARY KEY(id)

)

""")

cursor.executemany(

"INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)",

[(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'),

(2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'),

(3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')])

conn.commit()

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')

row = cursor.fetchone()

while row:

print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1]))

row = cursor.fetchone()

conn.close()

5. 参考