Use a form.
Private
Public
Change your buttons to input elements, which, together with the form, provide a HTML native way to send data to a script without the need for Javascript (although you can use Javascript to enhance the usability later on).
Using the label tag, you can assign a text to a radiobutton. This allows this text to be clicked as well, and it also provides better support for screen readers, because they can actually see which text belongs to the radiobutton.
An id needs to be unique, so I changed it to private and public. The ids are also used to link the label to.
The name determines by which name the value is sent to your script.
In PHP, you can use the superglobal $_GET. $_GET['privacy'] will contain '0' or '1' depending on the choice made. If the method of the form was post, you could use the superglobal $_POST instead, or you can use $_REQUEST, which contains values from either, so in that case your script doesn't care whether the values were send in the url (get) or in the chunk of invisible post data that is sent along with the request.