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MongoDB allows programmers to save and query for data expressed in all of the

basic PHP types, compound types (arrays, associative arrays, and objects), and

a half-dozen classes provided by the MongoDB PHP driver (for regular

expressions, dates, and other specialized applications).

Booleans and NULL

TRUE, FALSE, and NULL can be used as-is.

Numbers

Numbers are distinct from strings in MongoDB: "123" does not match 123.

Thus, if you want to make sure numbers are sorted and matched correctly, you

must make sure that they are actually saved as numbers.

$doc = array( "a" => 123 , "b" => "123" ); $collection -> insert ( $doc ); $doc -> find (array( "a" => 123 )); // matches $doc -> find (array( "a" => "123" )); // doesn't match $doc -> find (array( "a" => 123.0 )); // matches $doc -> find (array( "b" => 123 )); // doesn't match $doc -> find (array( "b" => "123" )); // matches ?>

As noted above, floating point numbers do compare with/match integer numbers

as one would expect.

Large Numbers

By default, on a 32-bit system, numbers are sent to the database as 32-bit

integers. On a 64-bit system, they are sent as 64-bit integers. For

backwards compatibility, all systems deserialize 64-bit integers as floating

point numbers. Floating point numbers are not exact. If you need exact

values, you must tweak your

» php.ini settings.

On a 32-bit system, if mongo.long_as_object is set,

64-bit integers will be returns as MongoInt64

objects. The integer will be stored in the value field

with perfect precision (as a string). You can also use

MongoInt64 to save 64-bit integers on 32-bit

machines.

On 64-bit systems, you can either set mongo.long_as_object

or set mongo.native_long.

mongo.native_long will return 64-bit integers and

"normal" PHP integers. You can use MongoInt32 to

save 32-bit integers on 64-bit machines.

You should set the mongo.long_as_object and

mongo.native_long behavior that you plan to use, even if

it is the default behavior (to protect against future changes to the

defaults).

See also: » php.ini Options,

MongoInt32, MongoInt64.

Strings

Strings must be UTF-8. Non-UTF-8 strings must either be converted to UTF-8

before being sent to the database or saved as binary data.

Regular expressions can be used to match strings, and are expressed using the

MongoRegex class.

Binary Data

Non-UTF-8 strings, images, and any other binary data should be sent to the

database using the MongoBinData type.

Dates

Dates can be created using the MongoDate class. They

are stored as milliseconds since the epoch.

MongoTimestamp is not for saving dates or timestamps,

it is used internally by MongoDB. Unless you are creating a tool that

interacts with the internals of replication or sharding, you should use

MongoDate, not MongoTimestamp.

Unique Ids

The driver will automatically create an _id field before

inserting a document (unless one is specified by the user). This field is an

instance of MongoId (called "ObjectId" in most other

languages).

These ids are 12 bytes long and composed of:

4 bytes of timestamp

No two records can have the same id if they were inserted at different

times.

3 bytes machine id

No two records can have the same id if they were inserted on different

machines

2 bytes thread id

No two records can have the same id if they were inserted by different

threads running on the same machine.

3 bytes incrementing value

Each time an id is created, a global counter is incremented and used

as the increment value of the next id.

Thus, no two records can have the same id unless a single process on a

single machine managed to insert 256^3 (over 16 million) documents in

one second, overflowing the increment field.

JavaScript

MongoDB comes with a JavaScript engine, so you can embed JavaScript in

queries (using a $where clause), send it directly to the database to be

executed, and use it to perform aggregations.

For security, use MongoCode's scope

field to use PHP variables in JavaScript. Code that does not require

external values can either use MongoCode or just be

a string. See the

» section on security for more

information about sending JavaScript to the database.

Arrays and Objects

Arrays and objects can also be saved to the database. An array with ascending

numeric keys will be saved as a an array, anything else will be saved as an

object.

<?php // $scores will be saved as an array $scores = array( 98 , 100 , 73 , 85 ); $collection -> insert (array( "scores" => $scores )); // $scores will be saved as an object $scores = array( "quiz1" => 98 , "midterm" => 100 , "quiz2" => 73 , "final" => 85 ); $collection -> insert (array( "scores" => $scores )); ?>

If you query for these objects using the database shell, they will look like:

> db.students.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b06beada9ad6390dab17c43"), "scores" : [ 98, 100, 73, 85 ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b06bebea9ad6390dab17c44"), "scores" : { "quiz1" : 98, "midterm" : 100, "quiz2" : 73, "final" : 85 } }

The database can also save arbitrary PHP objects (although they will be

returned as associative arrays). The fields are used for the key/value

pairs. For example, a blog post might look like:

var $author ;

var $content ;

var $comments = array();

var $date ;

public function __construct ( $author , $content ) { $this -> author = $author ; $this -> content = $content ; $this -> date = new MongoDate ();

}

public function setTitle ( $title ) { $this -> title = $title ;

}

} // create a simple blog post and insert it into the database $post1 = new Post ( "Adam" , "This is a blog post" ); $blog -> insert ( $post1 ); // there is nothing restricting the type of the "author" field, so we can make

// it a nested object $author = array( "name" => "Fred" , "karma" => 42 ); $post2 = new Post ( $author , "This is another blog post." ); // we create an extra field by setting the title $post2 -> setTitle ( "Second Post" ); $blog -> insert ( $post2 ); ?>

From the database shell, this will look something like:

> db.blog.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b06c263edb87a281e09dad8"), "author" : "Adam", "content" : "This is a blog post", "comments" : [ ], "date" : "Fri Nov 20 2009 11:22:59 GMT-0500 (EST)" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b06c282edb87a281e09dad9"), "author" : { "name" : "Fred", "karma" : 42 }, "content" : "This is a blog post", "comments" : [ ], "date" : "Fri Nov 20 2009 11:23:30 GMT-0500 (EST)", "title" : "Second Post" }

The driver will not detect reference loops in arrays and objects. For

example, this will give a fatal error:

$collection -> insert ( $GLOBALS ); ?>

Fatal error: Nesting level too deep - recursive dependency? If you need to insert documents that may have recursive dependency, you have

to check for it yourself before passing it to the driver.